Ivan Ivanovich Gorbachevsky
Ivan Ivanovich Gorbatschewski ( Russian Иван Иванович Горбачевский , Ukrainian Іван Іванович Горбачевський Ivan Iwanowytsch Horbatschewskyj ; born September 22, jul. / 4. October 1800 greg. In Nezhin , Russian Empire , † January 9 jul. / 21st January 1869 greg. In Petrowski Sawod , Russian Empire) was a Russian Decembrist .
Life
Ivan Gorbachevsky was born into an impoverished noble family in Neschin, today's Nischyn in the Ukrainian Oblast of Chernihiv . His father Ivan Vasilyevich Gorbachevsky served in 1812 during the Patriotic War , accompanied by his son Ivan, in the headquarters of General Field Marshal Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly and Mikhail Kutuzov . After the war, Gorbachevsky's father served in the State Chamber of Vitebsk , where Ivan spent his childhood and youth and from 1813 attended high school that he graduated from in 1817.
On August 23, 1817, he joined the Russian Army in Saint Petersburg . He was promoted to ensign in 1820 and then served in Novohrad-Wolynskyj , where he was promoted to lieutenant in the artillery on June 10, 1825. In the winter of 1823/24 he joined the United Slavic Society ( Общество соединённых славян ) and became one of its most active members. He supported the overthrow of tsarism and the establishment of a federal republic of the Slavs. During the uprising of the Chernigov regiment under the leadership of Sergei Muravyov-Apostol , he tried, together with other officers, to win neighboring military units for the uprising.
He was arrested in February 1826 and sentenced to life imprisonment on July 10, 1826, which was reduced to 20 years on August 22, 1826. On July 21, 1827, he was transferred to the Kexholm Fortress and on April 21, 1827 to the Shlisselburg Fortress , from which he was brought to Siberia on September 28, 1827, where he lived on December 13, 1827 in the Ostrog Chita ( ийитинский острог ) arrived in Transbaikalia . Finally, in September 1830, he was transferred to the Katorga Petrowski Sawod (Peter Hut) and his imprisonment was reduced to 15 years on November 8, 1832 and to 13 years on December 14, 1835. In exile he belonged to the most democratic section of the Decembrists and remained true to his ideals until his death. He renounced the amnesty obtained for him by his relatives on March 12, 1863 , which would have enabled him to live under police supervision in Saint Petersburg, and died at the age of 68 in Petrovsky Sawod, where he was also buried.
Gorbachevsky wrote his memoirs under the name Sapiski (Russian Записки , in German Notes ), which became a valuable source of the history of the United Slavic Society and the Decembrist movement.
Web links
- Entry on Iwan Gorbachevsky in the Borovkow or Decembrist alphabet on the Decembrist website (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Entry on Iwan Horbachevskyj in the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia ; accessed on December 5, 2018 (Ukrainian)
- ↑ a b c d biography of Iwan Iwanowitsch Gorbachevsky on hrono.ru ; accessed on December 5, 2018 (Russian)
- ↑ a b c biography Ivan Gorbachevsky on peoples.ru ; accessed on December 5, 2018 (Russian)
- ↑ a b Entry on Iwan Horbachevskyj in the Encyclopedia of the History of the Ukraine ; accessed on December 5, 2018 (Ukrainian)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Gorbachevsky, Ivan Ivanovich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Горбачевский, Иван Иванович (Russian); Горбачевський, Іван Іванович (Ukrainian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian Decembrist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 4th October 1800 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Neschin , Russian Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 21, 1869 |
| Place of death | Petrowski Sawod , Russian Empire |