Freedom (ship type)
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Freedom is a Liberty-replacement vessel type , which from the design office GTR Campbell in collaboration with Algonquin International and the shipyard Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries in Tokyo , Japan , in the mid 1960s as a replacement for the then aging fleet of liberty ship and Victory ships developed has been. The ships had four holds with six hatches and a volume of 18,849 m³ (bulk cargo) or 17,726 m³ (general cargo). Two cargo holds with a length of 30 meters were particularly suitable for long goods. Eight loading booms with 5 tons and four loading booms with 10 tons were available as standard loading gear.
history
In the mid-1960s, around 700 of the Liberty and Victory standard freighters, as well as a few other cargo ships built during World War II, were still in service in the then world merchant fleet. Even the youngest of them were now 20 years or older, and so both the shipping companies and the shipyards were faced with the question of replacing these ships, which would soon reach the end of their service life.
The great upheavals in maritime shipping, caused by the appearance of container ships and bulk carriers , which would later almost completely replace the general cargo ships , were not foreseeable as such at this point in time, so that the classic general cargo ship , which was in its form at the time since the turn of the century, was relatively few changes was built, still appeared up to date. It was therefore not surprising that Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries decided on their plans to replace the Liberty and Victory ships, as did many other shipyards with their successful type ships SD-14 , German Liberty , Trampko , Seebeck 36L , based on intermediate decks with their own loading gear and a load capacity of approx. 14,000 tons. This conservative design was undoubtedly also due to the fact that most of the Liberty and Victory ships still in service at that time were operated by rather small shipping companies with limited resources. The focus of the shipyard was on precisely these small shipping companies, for whom at that time it would have been difficult to finance newbuildings of a completely new or significantly larger type of ship , such as the one that Blohm & Voss brought onto the market with its Pioneer type .
The first ship of this type, the Chian Captain , in some sources also Khian Captain , was laid down on December 27, 1966, was launched on February 10, 1967 and was transferred to its new at Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries on July 21, 1967 Handover to owner JC Carras & Sons from London.
With a construction time of 50 days per unit, a ship should be launched every 25 days. Between 1968 and 1972, 14 Freedom Hispania licensed buildings were built at the Spanish shipyard Astilleros de Cadiz in Seville . Further licensed buildings were built in Argentina and Singapore. From 1967 a total of 171 Freedom Mk I and 26 Freedom Mk II freighters were built. One of these ships can still be found here and there , especially in ports in Asia and South America .
A slightly enlarged type of ship, further developed on the basis of the Freedom, was marketed by Campbell and IHI under the name Fortune in 62 units. Later followed by a design called Friendship , which was equipped with special hatches and loading gear .
literature
- Harms, Hans: First "Freedom" ship launched . In: Ship and Harbor . Vol. 19, No. 5 , May 1967, p. 358-359 .
- 96 ships of the "Freedom" class . In: Hansa . Vol. 107, No. 13 May 1970, pp. 1168 .
- Scott, Robert: Standard Ship Designs: Dry cargo, container and ro-ro vessels . Fairplay Publications, London 1984, ISBN 0-905045-54-8 .
- Rolf Schönknecht / Uwe Laue: Ocean freighters of world shipping, Volume 1 . Transpress VEB Verlag for Transport, Berlin, ISBN 3-344-00182-5
Individual evidence
- ^ Ship index Miramar Ship Index
Web links
- First Freedom ship . ( Memento from July 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- 34 Freedom ships already ordered . ( Memento from July 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- Archive page of the design office