Maria Saal open-air museum
The open-air museum Maria Saal is an open-air museum on the eastern edge of the Zollfeld in Carinthia and one of the first museums of its kind in Austria. It houses the “Bodnerhaus” (built in 1470), which is currently the oldest block-type building in Austria.
history
In 1936 the Carinthian Landsmannschaft made a down payment for the purchase of the “Bodnerhaus” in St. Oswald (municipality of Bad Kleinkirchheim ). The purchase was not completed until 1951, and the building was transferred to the Kreuzbergl in Klagenfurt in 1952. The location there quickly became too small, so in the 1960s the objects that had been set up in Klagenfurt were transferred to Maria Saal , where today's museum grounds were opened on August 22, 1972.
It extends over an area of four hectares and is divided into four terraces. It shows different forms of farmhouses and farms from different parts of Carinthia and conveys the way of life and living conditions, furniture, handicraft tools, mills and ovens of the rural Carinthian inhabitants in different epochs. There is also a nature trail on the site that provides information about the local flora.
The museum is scientifically supervised by the Carinthia State Museum in Klagenfurt.
Exhibits
Bodnerhaus
The "Bodnerhaus" originally comes from St. Oswald near Bad Kleinkirchheim and was located there near the church. It is a smoke house , where all other rooms of the smoke room are subordinated as main, multi-purpose and utility room. The house is a wooden two-storey building in block construction. On the ground floor there is the smoking room with a brick oven, an open stove with a spark hat, a large table for more than 8 people and wooden benches on the wall of the house. Adjacent to the smoking room is a chamber with a bed for the maid and utensils for milk processing. The anteroom leads to another room, which is known as the "Winterkuchl". In addition, there is an oven room and a chamber on the ground floor. On the upper floor there is a spacious tiled room with a pantry and a bedroom and equipment room above the smoking room. The roof is a rafter roof with a crooked hip and is covered with larch shingles.
The house was built according to the addition principle (expansion as required) in several construction phases. The oldest part of the house, consisting of a smoking room and ancillary chamber, was originally dated to the beginning of the 17th century. A dendrochronological study in 2018, however, showed that this part of the building was built from spruce trunks that had been felled in 1469. This makes the building currently the oldest dated log house in Austria. The "Winterkuchl" was added as the first extension after 1500. A major expansion followed in 1585/86. There are different theories about the time the original building was built and the cause of the extensions. Schinnerl sees the purpose of the "Winterkuchl" as a pull-out room. Eichert, who dealt with the owners of the house, mentions the time around 1197 as the time when the clearing at St. Oswald began. He suspects that the property already existed at this time, but was dilapidated or burned down, so that a new house was built in 1470. He also attributes the establishment of the “Winterkuchl” around 1500 to the marriage of the owner's widow with a weaver , documented in 1501 , as the weaver probably needed space for his equipment.
Hanebauerhaus
The old form of the Lower Carinthian farmhouse represents the Hanebauer house from St. Jakob ob Gurk . The adjoining rooms, such as the bedroom and storage room, are connected to the Labn by narrow corridors and are grouped around a large smoking room. A special feature of the Lower Carinthian smoke house houses is a particularly powerful smoke room as an exit room, to which the other house rooms were “completely irregular, often without any constructive connection” as separate log cabin rooms. The slow additive growth of a primitive block construction over generations is clearly visible here. The house has a mighty double fireplace, stove and oven, and the spark vaults, the Rauchkogel and the heating are designed accordingly and their construction is significantly different from the smoking ovens in Upper Carinthia. Because of its oversized span and the ceiling insulated with a layer of earth, there is a supporting wooden column in the middle of the smoke room. Next to the oven, a primitive love platform served as a resting place and underneath as a small cattle shed. The roof construction is also different than in Upper Carinthia. A slatted frame with a thick straw roof , which was renewed in 2002, hangs from a mighty ridge tree . Characteristic for this roof shape is a strong hunching of the two gables. The gable protrudes three meters on one side and covers an outside cellar for field crops, also typical of this ancient house complex.
literature
- Karl Eisner: The Carinthian open-air museum in Maria Saal. Self-published by the Carinthian Open Air Museum, 1992.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Heimo Schinnerl: The Bodnerhaus - currently the oldest dated log building in Carinthia (1470) . In: Carinthia I . 209th year. Verlag des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, 2019, ISSN 0008-6606 , p. 173-184 .
- ↑ a b c Joachim Eichert: The Bodnerhof in the Carinthian open-air museum Maria Saal. From the medieval Schwaige to the museum object. In: Carinthia I . 209th year. Verlag des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, 2019, ISSN 0008-6606 , p. 185-198 .
- ↑ Hanebauerhaus. Open-air museum Maria Saal, accessed on November 9, 2019 .
- ^ Oskar Moser: The Carinthian open-air museum in Maria Saal. Museum guide. Klagenfurt 1971, p. 31, here 18-21 (31 p.).
- ^ Johann Schwertner: Report of the individual custodians. Folklore Department . In: Rudolfinum - Yearbook of the State Museum for Carinthia . 2002, OCLC 225160012 ( PDF on ZOBODAT [accessed November 9, 2019]).
Web links
- KÄRNTNER OPEN AIR MUSEUM Maria Saal (official website of the museum)
Coordinates: 46 ° 41 ′ 8.4 ″ N , 14 ° 20 ′ 50.1 ″ E