St. Oswald (community Bad Kleinkirchheim)
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St. Oswald ( Rotte ) locality cadastral community St. Oswald |
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| Basic data | |||
| Pole. District , state | Spittal an der Drau (SP), Carinthia | ||
| Judicial district | Spittal an der Drau | ||
| Pole. local community | Bad Kleinkirchheim | ||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 50 '15 " N , 13 ° 45' 48" E | ||
| height | 1319 m above sea level A. | ||
| Residents of the village | 173 (January 1, 2020) | ||
| Building status | 200 (2001) | ||
| Area d. KG | 37.4 km² | ||
| Statistical identification | |||
| Locality code | 01821 | ||
| Cadastral parish number | 73213 | ||
| Counting district / district | Bad Kleinkirchheim (20601 000) | ||
 St. Oswald, looking northeast |
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| Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; KAGIS | |||
St. Oswald is a parish village and a cadastral community with 168 inhabitants (status VZ 2001) in the Nockberge ( Gurktal Alps ) in the municipality of Bad Kleinkirchheim in the Spittal an der Drau district in Carinthia ( Austria ).
Geography and description
The village at 1319 m above sea level, which forms the majority of the locality, can only be reached from the main town of Bad Kleinkirchheim. Today's idyllic tourist destination was already very interesting from a folklore perspective in the 1920s and is accordingly well documented.
The St. Oswald high valley is around three kilometers long and runs in a north-south direction. The following mountains are located on the eastern side of the valley, which is open to the south: the Totelitzen, the Falkert and Steinnock, on the western side the Priedröf, Wiesernock, Mallnock and Klomnock. Almost all of these mountains are located in the Nockberge National Park . Two mountain railways, the Nockalmbahn and the Brunnach National Park Railway, lead to the mountains on the western side of the valley (approx. 1900 m ) .
The village of St. Oswald also includes a few houses north of Mallnock and Klommnock, which can only be reached from the village of St. Oswald via the Nockalmstraße , which corresponds to a distance of about 30 kilometers by road.
history
The area around today's St. Oswald was still uninhabited in the 12th century. Around the year 1000 it can be traced as the property of the church of Mariapfarr , the mother church of Lungau . In 1197 the densely wooded valley "apud Chirchem", ie above Kirchheim, came into the possession of the Millstatt monastery through an exchange of goods with the Archdiocese of Salzburg , which was confirmed in 1207 by Pope Innocent. The monks' convent cleared parts of the forest and sent settlers into the valley to cultivate it in Huben and Schwaighöfen . The oldest surviving Millstätter land register registered 1 Hube and 26 Schwaigen in Sankt Oswald in 1470.
A chapel consecrated to St. Oswald was first mentioned in 1197, a church on June 8, 1267. The current Gothic church was built around 1554. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the population lived almost exclusively from agriculture. As in the rest of the Radenthein area , the factory of the Austrian-American Magnesit AG (today RHI AG ) built in 1908 was an important employer.
The tourist infrastructure that characterizes the place today developed in St. Oswald especially in the decades after the Second World War. In 1962, according to plans by Pretterebner, the most modern single chairlifts of the time in Carinthia, Brunnach I and II, were built; these were rebuilt in 2001 as an 8-seater gondola under the name of the National Park Railway Brunnach (now the Biosphärenparkbahn Brunnach ). The predominant supply of private room rental companies in the 1960s and 1970s was gradually being displaced more and more by holiday apartments from commercial providers and hotels. Around 1980 in St. Oswald, Oberkirchleiten and Unterkirchleiten, two large holiday villages with a total of more than 700 beds were built, in addition to a similar facility on Lake Faak and the Robinson Club on Nassfeld , these are among the first facilities of this type in Carinthia.
Folklore research
As early as 1924, the folklorist Oswin Moro (1895–1941) made countless handwritten notes specifically on the working techniques of the mountain farmers, photographed and made sketches and analyzed the construction and function of the farms. He observes manners, customs and all other expressions of the people's soul. On September 9, 1950, a commemorative plaque was unveiled as part of the 5th Austrian Folklore Conference in St. Oswald to honor his folklore work. Moro was also instrumental in founding the folklore department of the State Museum for Carinthia in Klagenfurt and initiated the transfer of the Bodner House to the Maria Saal open-air museum . In the 1970s, the farms that were preserved were recorded in detail by Albrecht Wendel. In 1988, a cultural hiking trail was laid out between the St. Kathrein church in Bach (Kleinkirchheim) and the church in St. Oswald, which leads along nine buildings of cultural interest. In addition to the churches, there is the Trattler kiln, the Trattnig mill, the Tscherner Säge mill, the Bartlsepp-Sagler-Keusche, the Oswaldi chapel, the Egarter mill and the St. Oswald forge, saw and mill.
Crafts - Hinteregger saws and forges
In the past there were many commercial and handicraft businesses in the municipality. The saw and forge in St. Oswald were first mentioned in a document on January 15, 1565, when a certain Oswald Gasser sold a saw and property to build a forge to the first Oswald blacksmith, Hans Hinteregger. The right to operate the saw already existed at that time, while the right to practice the blacksmith's trade was only officially granted in 1566. After the land had been reclaimed by the settlers in the centuries before, the saw was initially the more important operation, as a lot of wood was required for the construction of the houses, Blochstadel and Ringhöfe. From the end of the 18th century, the forge became more important than the saw. Over the past four centuries - the forge has been in existence for more than 440 years and is still owned by the same family - the requirements have been very diverse. Initially, the focus was on blacksmiths and carts, but plows and tools were also made for the farmers and artisans in the area. After the First World War, the business shifted more and more to the tool smithy . For this reason, the forge was equipped with a tail hammer and a 830 kg heavy duty chamfer. The St. Oswald forge was widely known as a tool and drill smithy. The current saw was rebuilt in 1943 and equipped with a Venetian gate and operated with a self-made pressure turbine. Industrialization and competition from factory-style production required a change to the wrought iron crafts. The old forge and saw will be preserved as a handicraft museum for the next generations.
The Schmiedkeusche has a design that is atypical for St. Oswald, as it is not a ring courtyard, but was laid out as a single courtyard, as was common in Katsch and Liesertal . Smokehouse apartment with storage room, courtyard, cattle sheds, barn and threshing floor are combined in this chaste under one roof ridge.
Courtyards: Gföll-Keusche, Gatterer-Ringhof, Leiter-Hube
The first school in St. Oswald was located in the Gföll-Keusche above the forge, which burned down completely in 1967. Chaste were not viable with their small property alone, and were dependent on an additional income from the pursuit of various trades such as weavers, tailors or shoemakers. The shoemaker's trade existed on the Gföll-Keusche in the 17th and 18th centuries. Not far from the building there is a small house chapel, which was built in 1899 in gratitude for the relief from serious illness. On the left, above the forge, there is a prototypical Ringhof, the Gatterer-Hof, on a high plateau. The steep slope under the courtyard is called "Haurain". He was dug up with hoes because plowing was not possible. Both at the Gatterer-Hof and at the Aufegger-Hof located further up, forage cutting and threshing machines were powered by water power. The water wheels required for this were located at a distance of up to 300 meters as the crow flies on the St. Oswalder Bach and were connected to the machines by wooden pulleys with long steel cables.
Above the Gatterer-Hof lies one of the most beautiful Oswald farmhouses, the partially dilapidated ladder house with a grain box. In the Millstätter land register from 1470, a "Jörig unter der Leitten" is mentioned as the first owner of the farm. For many years the farm was owned by the Staber family, who managed it as an addition to the Laggerhof on Lake Millstatt . This courtyard was originally the only Hube in St. Oswald. The other farms, such as Aufegger, Gatterer, Hinteregger, Egarter, Gasser, Hofer, Obkircher, Bodner (formerly Franz), Schneeweiß (formerly Moser) and Grubenbauer, which existed before 1470, were so-called Schwaigen . In addition to cattle breeding, arable farming was only practiced on “Hüben”. The Oswald Valley was originally cleared starting from above. Due to the sunny location, grain could still be grown here despite an altitude of over 1400 meters. In St. Oswald and Staudach, according to Urbar, over 26 farm properties were cultivated from 1470, today there are barely ten. Until 1848, almost all properties in this area belonged to the Millstatt Monastery .
Culture
The summer open air when the music is playing takes place in St. Oswald every year.
Footnotes
- ^ Armin Pertl, Markus Pertl: Cultural hiking trail from Bad Kleinkirchheim to St. Oswald. Heyn Verlag, Klagenfurt 1990, ISBN 3-85366-654-X .
- ^ Matthias Maierbrugger: Bad Kleinkirchheim. Klagenfurt, 1998, p. 26.
- ^ Heidi Rogy: Tourism in Carinthia. Publishers of the history association for Carinthia, Klagenfurt 2002, p. 318.
- ^ Albrecht Wendel: Problems of rural architecture. 1982.
- ↑ Albrecht Wendel: The blacksmith Chaste in St. Oswald ob Kleinkirchheim. In: Kärntner Landsmannschaft: The Kärntner Landsmannschaft: KLM; Bulletin of the home associations of Carinthia. Issue 2, Klagenfurt 1979, pp. 6-10.
- ^ Armin Pertl: The St. Oswald primary school and its teachers. In: Bad Kleinkirchheim news. Volume 27, episode 69, May 2006, pp. 21-25.
literature
- Walther Fresacher, Oswin Moro: Kleinkirchheim and St. Oswald. Settlement and legal history, farm and work. 1929.
- Oswin Moro : St. Oswald ob Kleinkirchheim. People / Customs / Annual Customs. A book from Carinthian mountain farming. (= Archive for patriotic history and topography. 34th and 35th volumes ). Publishing house of the history association for Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1951.
- Oswin Moro: Folklore from the Carinthian Nock region. Folk medicine, popular belief, folk poetry, folk art, court life and working life. Publishing house of the History Association for Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1952.
- Malte Olschewski : The story of the rabbits. Franzi's letters from St. Oswald. Heyn Verlag, Klagenfurt 2014, ISBN 978-3-7084-0376-2 .
- Armin Pertl: veteran. In the footsteps of Oswin Moro in St. Oswald. Heyn Verlag, Klagenfurt, 2007, ISBN 978-3-7084-0244-4 . [Image documentation, 287 pages]
- Armin Pertl, Markus Pertl: Cultural hiking trail from Bad Kleinkirchheim to St. Oswald. Heyn Verlag, Klagenfurt 1990, ISBN 3-85366-654-X . [Short version as folder: Cultural hiking trail from St. Kathrein to St. Oswald. ]
- Albrecht Wendel: Problems of rural architecture using the example of the cadastral community of St. Oswald in the community of Bad Kleinkirchheim in Carinthia. Dissertation. Vienna 1982.
