Frente de Libertação de Moçambique

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Flag of FRELIMO since 2004
Flag of FRELIMO from 1997 to 2004

Frente de Libertação de Moçambique, FRELIMO for short , (German: Mozambican Liberation Front , English: Mozambique Liberation Front ) was a liberation movement and has been a political party in Mozambique since 1977 . It was the only ruling party in the former People's Republic of Mozambique .

history

FRELIMO was founded in 1962 at the urging of Julius Nyerere in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, as an amalgamation of the three national liberation movements União Democrática Nacional de Moçambique (UDENAMO), Mozambique African National Union (MANU) and União Nacional Africana de Moçambique Independente (UNAMI). June 1975 the independence of Mozambique from Portugal .

FRELIMO chairmen were u. a. Eduardo Mondlane (1962–1969), Samora Moisés Machel (1969–1986), Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1986–2005) and Armando Guebuza (2005–2015). The party was to be classified as authoritarian and socialist until 1989 . The party's leaders were automatically presidents and prime ministers of the country.

The delegates at the third FRELIMO congress from February 3rd to 7th, 1977 decided on comprehensive reforms to socialize many economic sectors. The resolutions formulated a socialist course for the political, economic and socio-political orientation of the country. At this general assembly, the organization made the transition from a liberation movement as a mass organization to a party of "the avant-garde". After this decision, the self-name, previously an abbreviation, was now official and common as Partido Frelimo or Frelimo Party .

As Marcelino dos Santos in 1981 by a meeting with CMEA returned -Vertretern where the recording request of Mozambique had been discussed, Santos was surprised by the rejection, as more and more young nation states ushered in a socialist course and the CMEA would be prepared. The Soviet Union had refused to support Frelimo because, in their opinion, it was not Marxist-Leninist , but merely Marxist. Soviet interest in the region was low, as Mozambique refused to set up foreign military bases on its territory. One of the statutory goals of the Frelimo was the creation of a "nuclear weapons-free zone of peace" in the Indian Ocean . The growing distance to the Soviet Union and increasing internal problems in civil and military areas prompted the Frelimo leadership to adopt a policy of rapprochement with the hostile neighboring state of South Africa, which led to the Nkomati Agreement and a long-standing rift with the ANC .

On July 30, 1989, the party distanced itself from programmatic positions in the area of Marxism and announced free elections , which were held that same year.

Frelimo is still the government of Mozambique and is a member of the Socialist International .

See also

literature

  • Filipe J. Couto: Mozambique and Frelimo: Representation of a liberation movement. Stein / Nuremberg 1974

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joseph Hanlon: Mozambique. Revolution in the crossfire . edition southern Africa 21, Bonn, 1986, p. 8, 170 ISBN 3-921614-25-2
  2. ^ Colin Darch: FRELIMO and the Frelimo Party 1962-1991 . on www.mozambiquehistory.net (English)
  3. ↑ Benedito Luiis Machava: State Discourse on Internal Security and the Politics of Punishment in post-Independence Mozambique (1975-1983) . In: Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 37, Part 3, pp. 593–609, here p. 596 (PDF document p. 5), online at www.ces.uc.pt (English)
  4. ↑ Joseph Hanlon: Mozambique. Revolution in the crossfire . edition southern Africa 21, Bonn, 1986, p. 279
  5. ↑ SPIEGEL report: “The Mozambicans are the nicer negroes” . In: Der Spiegel 7/1985, article from February 11, 1985, online at www.spiegel.de ( link to the original article )