Friedrich Arturowitsch Zander
George Arthur Constantin Friedrich Zander ( Latvian Fridrihs Canders, Russian Фридрих Артурович Цандер, Fridrich Arturowitsch Zander; born August 11, jul. / 23. August 1887 greg. In Riga , Governorate of Livonia , Russian Empire ; † 28. March 1933 in Kislovodsk , Soviet Union ) was a Baltic German-Soviet scholar, inventor and rocket builder. He created the jet engines OR-1 and OR-2 and developed the project of the GIRD-X rocket .
In English, his name is also often transcribed as Fridrikh Arturovich Tsander .
Life
Zander was born in Riga into a German Baltic family. His father Arthur was a doctor. Zander trained as an engineer and made the acquaintance of Konstantin Ziolkowski's ideas early on , as he worked in the editorial department of the specialist magazine, which received some documents from Ziolkowski, but did not publish them. One year after the publication of Hermann Oberth's book "The Rocket to the Planetary Spaces", which Zander had also read, Zander published a book about Ziolkowski's work in 1924 in order to make this known as well. Together with Ziolkowski and Juri Kondratjuk , Zander also founded the Society for the Study of Interplanetary Travel in 1924 . During this time he also proposed a solar sail (photon pulses) as a drive.
In 1931, Zander was a founding member of GIRD (Group for Research on Reactive Drives, Russian Группа изучения реактивного движения (ГИРД) ) in Moscow. The group designed liquid rockets on behalf of the government. The GIRD-X , which Zander had worked on, finally flew successfully on November 25, 1933. Zander designed the rocket, but did not see the launch because he died of typhus six months earlier, in March 1933 .
Honors
- The moon crater Tsander was named after Zander in 1970 .
- In 2012 the postal administrations of Latvia and Russia each issued a special postage stamp in honor of Zander. They have the numbers 840 and 1852 in the Michel catalog .
- In 2015 an asteroid was named after him: (332530) Canders .
Since 1992, the Russian Academy of Sciences has awarded the Zander Prize for outstanding theoretical work in the field of rocket propulsion for space travel.
Publications
- Фридрих Артурович Цандер: Из научного наследия . Nauka, Moscow 1967 (Russian). (English translation by NASA: "From a scientific heritage")
- Fridrikh Arturovich Tsander: Selected Papers . Zinātne, Riga 1977.
literature
- Biography: Yaroslav Golovanov: Martian . Molodaja Gwardija, Moscow 1985 ( online ( Memento from January 31, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) - Russian).
Web links
- Baltic Historical Commission (Ed.): Entry on Friedrich Arturowitsch Zander. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
Individual evidence
- ↑ F. A. Zander Prize. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 7, 2018 ( Russian Премия имени Ф.А. Цандера ).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Zander, Friedrich Arturowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Canders, Fridrihs (Lithuanian); Tsander, Friedrich Arturovich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Soviet pioneer of rocket construction |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 23, 1887 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Riga , Livonia Governorate , Russian Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 28, 1933 |
| Place of death | Kislovodsk , Soviet Union |