Friedrich Dominik

Christian Friedrich Dominik (born January 4, 1829 in Dyrotz , Osthavelland , † April 4, 1891 in Berlin ) was a German military veterinarian.

Life

He comes from a family that has been a blacksmith , flag smith for the cavalry and court smith for the artillery , a kind of forerunner of the later military veterinarians, in the East and West Havelland . One of the last of these spa forges in the family, after his father, the Dyrotzer master blacksmith Carl (Friedrich) Dominick (1786–1838), was his eldest brother (Friedrich) Wilhelm Dominik (1814–1883), who is still referred to as such in 1844. The latter was the grandfather of the writer Hans Dominik . In January 1863 the term Kurschmied was superseded and replaced by Unter-Roßarzt.

After attending the Dyrotzer village school, Friedrich Dominik moved to Brandenburg at the age of 12 in order to obtain the necessary school education for studying veterinary medicine. In 1847 he joined the 1st Guard Uhlan Regiment as a soldier and began studying at the Berlin Veterinary School, later the University of Veterinary Medicine, in 1849 as a so-called military student. After seven semesters of study, during which he lived in the "Military Course Forge Eleven Institute" founded in 1849 (from which, by cabinet order of January 9, 1862, the military horse doctor school in Berlin emerged, which since 1903 as a military veterinary academy Dominik received his license to practice medicine as a military veterinarian or horse doctor in 1853 . In addition to his license to practice as a first-class veterinarian, he had also acquired the qualification as a district veterinarian.

In 1868 he was appointed as the previous royal Prussian Ober-Marstall-Roßarzt (since 1863) as "First Teacher" and technical director at the military training forge in Berlin, which was newly founded in the same year. Dominik introduced the holistic assessment of the horse into the training of the blacksmith, as it is still used today. Even in his position as a horse doctor with the Thuringian Hussar Regiment No. 12 in Merseburg , he exercised a teaching position by holding horse shoeing courses for military veterinarians. His successful work there led to the fact that in 1863 he was commissioned to write a memorandum on the importance of English horseshoeing for the army. As early as 1867, on January 18, he was granted the “patent for a new and peculiar sharpening method for horseshoes” for parts of the Prussian state located in the territory of the German Customs Union . In the context of the various hoof preparation theories, as described by Insa Lingens in her dissertation (2008), Friedrich Dominik founded the so-called "footing theory".

In addition to his work as a scientific consultant for the inspection of the military-veterinary system, he was appointed Royal Prussian Corps-Roßarzt in the Gardes du Corps [1873] in Berlin , an office which he resigned in 1881, since he was also the technical director of the Military training forge in Berlin was overloaded. However, he held the latter position until his death in 1891.

In addition to various scientific articles in specialist magazines, he wrote the textbook on hoof shoeing as his main reference work on horseshoeing . This appeared in six editions from 1868 to 1891 and became authoritative for the Prussian army or, as contemporary reports say, it was epoch-making. In 1914 it was said that two names were forever linked to horseshoeing in the army, namely Dominik and Kösters (meaning Professor Hubert Kösters (1847–1913), Dominik's successor). Dominik received various high awards, including a. the Order of the Red Eagle IV class, the Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Royal Württemberg Order of Frederick (1887), the Knight's Cross 2nd Class of the Bavarian Order of Merit of St. Michael .

As the magazine Der Thierarzt (31, 1892, p. 168) reported in the category of professional affairs, it was made possible to honor him as the “reformer of modern horseshoeing” through donations from former students, friends and colleagues in the court of the military training forge Ability to erect a monument (bronze bust) as a lecturer at the Veterinary School in Berlin, which later became the University of Veterinary Medicine in Berlin. This was destroyed by the effects of the war. On the occasion of the return of the 100th birthday of the former corps chief physician Dominik, on January 4, 1929, in the presence of the veterinary inspector, General Staff veterinarian Dr. Pätz, who gave an appreciative speech, a commemoration of the military training forge Berlin took place at the monument of its founder with the laying of a wreath.

An anecdote tells that because of courageous intervention in favor of the horse of Prince Friedrich Karl Nikolaus of Prussia , to whom he had made a horseshoe in a tailcoat and white bow tie in the greatest heat, he was given a diamond ring. He is the great-uncle of the well-known writer Hans Dominik. His grave has been preserved and is in Berlin on the Trinity Cemetery .

Publications (selection)

• Fr. Domini (c) k: On the maxillary sinus inflammation in horses and trepanation. In: Magazine for the entire animal medicine. 28, 1862, issue 2, p. 222ff.
• Fr. Domini (c) k .: About healing the compulsive hoof of horses. In: Magazine for the entire animal medicine. 28, 1862, No. 3, pp. 364-371.
• Fr. Domini (c) k .: Rathgeber on the care and feeding of horses in war. Ferdinand Geelhaar, Berlin 1866.
• Fr (iedrich) Dominik: Theoretical-practical instructions for practicing the rational horseshoeing. August Hirschwald, Berlin 1870. Review by Prof. Hering in: Repertorium der Thierheilkunde 31 (1870), pp. 374-375 - Review by Prof. Röll in: Oesterreichische Vierteljahresschrift für Wissenschaftliche Veterinärkunde 33 (1870), p. 156 - Review in : Der Thierarzt 9 (1870), No. 6, p. 144 - Review C. Weber in: Wochenschrift für Thierheilkunde und Viehzucht, Volume 14, 1870, No. 28, pp. 222-224
• Ms. Dominik: The rational shoeing. 3. verb. and increased circulation. Self-published, Berlin 1879. Review in: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Thiermedizin. 5 (1879), pp. 262-263.
• Fr (iedrich) Dominik: Textbook on shoeing. 5th edition, self-published, Berlin 1887.
• Ms. Dominik: Experiments with horseshoe putty. Excerpt from the reports on the illnesses in the service horses of the army for the fourth quarter of 1887. In: Der Hufschmied. Magazine for the entire shoeing business. 6, pp. 77-82 (1888).
• Fr. Dominik: Further experiments on the absorption capacity of the horn and on hoof ointments. In: Journal of Veterinary Science. 1 (1890), pp. 61-73.

literature

• Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin. Born in 1867. AW Hayn'sche Buchdruckerei, Potsdam 1867, p. 4.
• Official Journal of the District President in Gumbinnen , Volume 57, 1867, p. 57.
• Archive for Scientific and Practical Animal Medicine , Volume 13, 1887, p. 234.
• Nekrolog Dominik in: Berliner Thierärztliche Wochenschrift 7 (1891), No. 16, p. 134.
• Nekrolog Dominik in: Zeitschrift für Veterinärkunde 3 (1891), No. 2, pp. 46–52 (with portrait engraved illustration).
• Journal of Veterinary Science with special focus on hygiene; Volume 26, 1914, here p. 254.
• Dr. Farmer, veterinary officer: Dominik's 100th birthday; in: Zeitschrift für Veterinärkunde with consideration of all branches of veterinary medicine, 41st year, 1929, p. 30; P. 69.
• Schmaltz, Reinhold: History of the development of the veterinary profession and status in Germany. Richard Schoetz publishing house, Berlin 1936, p. 260
• Dominik, Hans: From the vice to the desk. Life memories. Scherl Verlag, Berlin 1942, DNB 57289743X
• Krokotsch, Brigitte: Animal husbandry and veterinary medicine in Berlin in the 19th and 20th centuries. A sense of security. Volume 1, Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1991, here p. 14; P. 33ff.
• Wernicke, Rudolf KH: From zootomy to modern equine medicine - development of veterinary medicine in Berlin-Mitte. In: Pferdeheilkunde , 21 (2005), Heft 4, pp. 327-340, here p. 333.
• Lingens, Insa: The development of hoof care and shoeing from antiquity to modern times with special consideration of shoeing in laminitis. Analysis of the horseshoe collection of the former veterinary educational institution in Berlin-Mitte. Dissertation FU Berlin 2008 here u. a. P. 20ff.