Friedrichsburg (Mannheim)

Mannheim, 1620

Friedrichsburg was the name of the fortress that Elector Friedrich IV of the Palatinate had built from March 17, 1606 on the boundary of the then village of Mannheim together with the Rheinschanze on the other bank of the Rhine. The fortress was located in the area of today's Mannheim Castle and the southern area of the city center up to the Mannheimer Planken .

history

The Dutch fortress architect Bartel Janson had a seven-pointed bastion star built from 1606 . The “citizen city” of Mannheim, which is connected to the fortress, received city rights on January 24, 1607 and was also fortified in a star shape. The planning of a grid-shaped street network for the city at that time has been preserved to this day as " squares ". In the citadel , on the other hand, the streets ran radially from a centrally located alarm point to the individual bastions. This enabled soldiers to be quickly relocated to opposite points. Inside were the armory, accommodations for the soldiers and the powder towers. Only one city gate granted access to the fortress or the city.

In 1622 during the Thirty Years' War , Tilly , military leader of the Catholic League , destroyed the city and fortress. By the end of the Thirty Years War (1618–1648) Mannheim was occupied and devastated several times. The destroyed citadel was replaced in 1664 by order of Elector Karl I. Ludwig by a simple palace by Daniel de la Rousses, which consisted of three pavilions with connecting structures and which the Elector frequently inhabited, in addition to his residence in Heidelberg and the hunting lodge Schwetzingen.

In 1673, the then Electoral Palatinate "Baumeisterei-Adjunktus" Johann Peter Wachter built barracks on the fortress grounds. After the destruction in 1689 during the War of the Palatinate Succession , reconstruction began in 1698 under Elector Johann Wilhelm . In 1709 the Friedrichsburg Fortress was united with the city of Mannheim. From 1720, Mannheim Palace was built in its current baroque form and was made a residence by Elector Karl Philipp .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Volker Keller: Streiflichter from Alt-Mannheim , Sutton Verlag, 2000, page 7 ff.
^ Helmut Knocke : Wachter, Johann Peter. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 651.

49.484214 8.462906Coordinates: 49 ° 29 ′ 3 ″ N , 8 ° 27 ′ 46 ″ E

[Keller-1] Volker Keller: Streiflichter from Alt-Mannheim , Sutton Verlag, 2000, page 7 ff.

[2] Helmut Knocke : Wachter, Johann Peter. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 651.