Deadlines (mining)

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The term deadlines comes from the old mining law and was used for a colliery when it was temporarily shut down. A colliery that was in deadlines was called a deadline mine. In 1863, out of 9,124 mines in Prussia, 7,117 mines were set within time limits.

Basics

In mining it was prescribed earlier that a Muter after the successful award of a mine field had to work by mining this to the presentation ability of the find, so the payability of the deposit, as well as the spread further evidence of muted natural resource. He was also obliged by the mining law to operate the mine continuously and to exploit the deposit. Since this usually could not be done by the mother alone, he hired a few miners to help. Was a mine of more than three consecutive days not occupied by miners, a new Muter was entitled to this embarrassed to pit again seem . After a legally determined period of time, this mine was cleared and fell back into the mountain-free area . As a result, the old mine operator lost his rights to the mine. So that a miner did not lose his mine property due to adverse circumstances, he could apply to the mining authority for the mine to be set within deadlines. If a mine was set in terms of time limits, it was also called keeping the mine in time or keeping time and pen .

The process

In order for a miner to have his mine set within deadlines, the shift supervisor had to report to the mining authority beforehand that work on the mine would be temporarily suspended for an important reason. In an in-terms-reduction additionally had to the now overdue Quatembergeld also charge a fee, known as the period of money to be paid for each quarter, which was the mine in deadlines. Depending on the mining area, either the full quarter payment or only half the rate had to be paid. In addition, the amount of the time payment depended on the size of the mine field and was different depending on the mining area. The mine owner had to commit himself to this payment to the mining authority and notify the miner of this through the shift foreman. If the mine owner could not pay the deadline fee, the mine fell into the mines. By setting a deadline, the mine owner was released from the obligation to keep his mine in operation without relinquishing his property at the same time. Mines with deadlines were entered in the deadline book. The duration of the period was usually different and could be up to a year. If the mine owner could not continue to operate the mine in accordance with the regulations after the deadline, the mine fell into the open. If no deadline was granted, the mine had to be put back into operation within 4–8 weeks, otherwise it fell into the open. For such cases, see e.g. B. the Cleve-Märkische Bergordnung an inspection by a mountain jury and two witnesses. If it was established through this inspection and it was proven that the colliery could not be kept under construction within four weeks, the colliery was warned under threat of clearance . Should he then not follow the instructions to make the colliery building, the colliery was declared free of mines by the mining authority after a further period.

Deadline reasons

Under certain conditions, the mining law permitted a mine to be set in time. The causes were personal and financial problems, disputes and technical problems in the mine. Mines could be given time limits if there were particular problems with ventilation or dewatering , and the necessary sunking of light holes or a lack of impact water for the machines was recognized as a reason. The lack of workers was recognized as the human cause. A dispute with other miners was also considered a cause for setting a deadline. The bad weather in winter could result in high costs and disadvantages for the mine owners and thus lead to financial problems, which were recognized as reasons for setting deadlines. It was up to the miner to decide whether the reasons given were sufficient to set a mine within deadlines.

The Saxon Mining Regulations from 1589 also provided, under certain conditions, for Zubusszechen to set deadlines ex officio. Were either all or at least the predominant part of the Kuxe a mine which of a plurality of shareholders were performed in Retardat , as a continuation of this mine for cost reasons was not useful.

In the Chursächsische Bergordnung from 1710, armed attacks on the sovereign were given as the reason for a deadline. Although miners were exempt from military service due to the freedom of the mountains , in the event of hostile attacks on their own sovereign, they could exceptionally be used for national defense. During this time the mines were put in time limits until the danger was averted.

Termination of notice

Due to the termination of the deadline, the permission to cease operations was revoked. This happened either ex officio, because the operational obstacles had meanwhile disappeared, or at the request of a third party. If another miner agreed to continue operating the mine set in a deadline despite the difficulties, the mine owner was requested to operate the mine again within a certain period. If he did not comply with this request, his mine ownership was ex officio revoked. Another possibility for a notice period was the expiry of the period set as a period. If a deadline was canceled due to changed circumstances, the mine had to be put back into operation within 4-8 weeks. If the mine operator was not able to put the mine back into operation, it fell into the mines.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joachim Huske: The coal mine in the Ruhr area. 3rd edition, self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum, 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with documents. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871.
  3. ^ Günter Heinrich von Berg: Handbuch des Teutschen Policeyrechts. Publishing house of the Hahn brothers, Hanover 1809.
  4. ↑ a b c Swen Rinmann: General mining dictionary . Zweyter Theil, Fr. Chr. W. Vogel, Leipzig 1808
  5. ↑ a b c Mining dictionary. Bey Johann Christoph Stößel, Chemnitz 1778
  6. ^ A b Franz Xaver Schneider: Textbook of mining law for the entire countries of the Austrian monarchy. Printed by K. Gerzabek, Prague 1848
  7. ↑ a b c Explanatory dictionary of technical terms and foreign words used in mining, metallurgy and salt works. Falkenberg'schen Buchhandlung publishing house, Burgsteinfurt 1869
  8. ^ Moritz Ferdinand Gätzschmann: Collection of mining expressions. Craz & Gerlach Publishing House, Freiberg 1859.
  9. ^ Carl Johann Bernhard Karsten (Ed.): Archives for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Mining and Metallurgy. Eighteenth volume, printed and published by G. Reimer, Berlin 1847.
  10. ↑ Carl Friedrich Gottlob Free Life, Friedrich Bülau (Ed.): The state and mining with excellent consideration for Saxony. Second edition, published by Otto Wigand, Leipzig 1839.
  11. ^ Adolph Beyer: Bergstaatsrechtslehre with corrections, explanations and additions. Second edition, by Johann Jacob Gebauer, Halle 1790.