Günter Dietrich (oceanographer)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Günter Dietrich (left) on the handover of the research vessel Alkor (1966)

Günter Dietrich (born November 15, 1911 in Berlin , † October 2, 1972 in Kiel ) was a German oceanographer . He was the first to describe the structure of the Agulhas Current , made important contributions to soil water exchange in the North Atlantic and was a designer of marine research in Germany after the Second World War.

Life

Günter Dietrich studied geography, meteorology, mathematics, physics and oceanography at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin (see Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ) from 1931 to 1935 . His doctorate in philosophy took place in 1935. with a dissertation on the structure and dynamics of the Agulhas stream. His supervisor during the doctorate was Albert Defant . The dissertation gave the first detailed representation of the Agulhas Current off southern Africa on the basis of the data available at the time. The South African marine researcher Johann Lutjeharms called him later in his Agulhasstrom book “the first true oceanographer of the Agulhas Current system” (in German: the first true oceanographer of the Agulhas Current system).

From 1935 to 1943 Günter Dietrich was a scheduled assistant at the Institute and Museum for Oceanography (Berlin) and took part in four research trips with the "Meteor" to the North Atlantic and the Caribbean. During the Second World War he was drafted as an oceanographer to the Wilhelmshaven / Greifswald marine observatory and, from 1940 to 1944, led, among other things, 12 research trips of the research ships of the German Navy "Triton" and "Börgen" in the Baltic Sea and off Norway. The behavior of sound in lake water as well as tides and tidal currents were examined. In 1943 he completed his habilitation at the University of Berlin with a thesis on the oscillation systems of half-day and one-day tides in the oceans and received the license to teach geophysics and oceanography. In 1943 he was appointed curator at the Institute of Oceanography. After the end of the war and his imprisonment, he was employed as an oceanographer in the navy of the British occupation forces from April 1946 to August 1950, including at their headquarters in Hamburg-Blankenese, and he also worked temporarily in an engineering office for oceanographic measuring devices. In September 1950 he became a research assistant at the German Hydrographic Institute (DHI) (see Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency ) and head of the regional oceanography department. He took part in several trips with the surveying and research vessels "Gauss" and "Anton Dohrn". Since 1952 he has lectured regularly at the University of Hamburg . In 1953 he was re-qualified to the University of Hamburg, he became a lecturer in oceanography and in 1957 an adjunct professor.

The first major involvement of German marine researchers in international programs after the end of the Second World War was mainly due to his superior and sponsor Professor Dr. Günther Böhnecke, President of the DHI, and Günter Dietrich. When the polar front was recorded twice in 1957/1958 as part of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) ( International Geophysical Year ), Dietrich was the coordinator and chief scientist on “Gauss” and “Anton Dohrn”. This work was followed in 1960 by the ICES International Iceland-Faroe Ridge “Overflow” expedition. Dietrich was the coordinator of the German contribution and chief scientist at sea. Questions about the overflow of the cold deep water over the Greenland-Scotland ridge gained great importance in his work in the following years.

In 1959 he succeeded Georg Wüst in Kiel. He was appointed professor for oceanography and maritime meteorology at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and became director of the Institute for Oceanography at the University of Kiel . Under his leadership, the institute expanded significantly and international relationships were rebuilt. The University of Kiel became the most important training center for marine sciences in Germany. His textbook “Allgemeine Meereskunde” became the standard work for training. Dietrich also became a committed supporter of the new research vessel Meteor (Schiff, 1964) , which entered service in 1964 and made the first long voyage on the "International Indian Ocean Expedition" in 1964/65. He later played a decisive role in the planning and preparation of the multinational ICES expedition "OVERFLOW 1973". Unfortunately he died a few months before the start of the expedition.

family

Günter Dietrich was married to Liselotte Dietrich, nee Martin, since 1939. He had two children. The son drowned at a young age. His daughter Sigrid has been married to the marine geologist Jörn Thiede since 1970 .

Scientific work

The main topics in Dietrich's 149 publications are the dynamics of ocean currents, the stratification and mixing of water masses and their variability, the soil topography with its influence on the spread of deep water masses, the tides and the propagation of sound in the ocean.

During his research work on the Agulhas Current System for his doctorate, the data from the "Meteor" expedition 1925–1927 and data from some other ships were available to him. For the first time he gave a description of the Agulhas Current System south of Africa, also in deeper layers. In this context he compared properties of the Agulha Current and the Gulf Stream and described the Agulhas Current as a branch of the Atlantic circulation. The Gulf Stream continued to occupy him, especially the relationships between pressure distributions and currents and the origin of the Gulf Stream water. His strong geographic orientation during his studies led him repeatedly to questions of morphology and the relationship between soil forms and deep water distribution in the course of his career. In numerous works, of which only a selection can be cited here, he contributed significantly to the knowledge of the transport, distribution and mixing of water masses in the North Atlantic, in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea and in the Mediterranean. The hydrographic atlas for the northern North Atlantic, which he compiled on behalf of ICES, became particularly important. After beginning his work on the tides, he became one of the authoritative experts on half and one-day tides in the open ocean. His tide maps were a standard work at the time when the tides in the open ocean had to be determined exclusively from coastal level measurements. He always had a holistic approach to marine research and saw it as a unit with many specialist disciplines. He was therefore open to interdisciplinary questions, in particular to the interrelationships between soil forms and fishery hydrography. His textbook “Allgemeine Meereskunde” repeatedly contains references between the results of the various individual disciplines.

Awards

  • Honorary Doctorate, Rennes University, France, 1970

Memberships

  • German Scientific Commission for Marine Research, 1950–11972
  • Advisory board of the Federal Research Institute for Fisheries ref group = "Qu" name = "Boe" />
  • Commission for Marine Research and Marine Technology, Federal Ministry for Research and Technology, 1969–1972
  • German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina , Halle, from 1969

Offices

  • Director, Institute for Oceanography at the University of Kiel, 1959–1968
  • Chair, German Scientific Commission for Marine Research, 1959–11969
  • Dean, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Kiel, 1965
  • Maritime advisor to Unesco, from 1958
  • Senator, German Research Foundation , 1964–1969
  • Chair, Senate Commission for Oceanography, German Research Foundation, 1962–1969
  • Chair, ICES Hydrographic Committee, 1966–1969
  • Vice President, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), 1967-1970
  • Chair, German State Committee for the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR / ICSU), 1964–1967
  • President, International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IAPSO / IUGG), 1967-1970
  • First Chairman, Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards (JPOTS) by Unesco, ICES, SCOR, IAPSO
  • “Captain Cook Chair for Oceanography” at the University of Hawaii , Honolulu, USA, 1969–1970

Works

  1. ^ A b Günter Dietrich: Structure and dynamics of the southern Agulhas river area. In: Publications of the Institute for Oceanography at the University of Berlin. Berlin 1935, NF 27, pp. 1-79.
  2. ↑ a b c d Günter Dietrich: Scientific career. Kiel, July 1959. Maschinenschr. 2 p .; DWK files: members 1950–1964. (unpublished manuscript, copy in the Wegner collection).
  3. ^ A b Günter Dietrich: The oscillation systems of half-day and one-day tides in the oceans. In: Publications of the Institute for Oceanography at the University of Berlin. Berlin 1944, NF (A) 41, pp. 1-68.
  4. ^ A b c Günter Dietrich, Kurt Kalle: Allgemeine Meereskunde. Borntraeger, Berlin 1957, pp. 1-492 (Russian translations: V. Ju. Vespe, Leningrad 1961; NN Gorskij, Moskva 1962).
  5. ^ A b Günter Dietrich, Kurt Kalle, Wolfgang Krauss, Gerold Siedler: Allgemeine Meereskunde. 3rd edition, Borntraeger, Berlin 1975, pp. 1-593.
  6. ^ A b Günter Dietrich, Kurt Kalle, Wolfgang Krauss, Gerold Siedler: General Oceanography. 2nd edition, translated by Susanne and Hans Ulrich Roll, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1980, pp. 1-626.
  7. ^ Günter Dietrich: Structure and movement of the Gulf Stream and Agulhas Stream, a comparative consideration. In: Natural Sciences. 1936, 24 (15), pp. 225-230.
  8. ↑ Günter Dietrich: On the dynamics of the Atlantic branch of the Agulhas current. In: Annals of Hydrography and Maritime Meteorology. 1935, 63, pp. 383-387.
  9. ^ Günter Dietrich: The oceanic "leveling" and its application to the Gulf coast and the Atlantic coast of the United States of America. In: Journal of Geophysics. 1936, 12, pp. 287-298.
  10. ↑ Günter Dietrich: The position of the sea surface in the pressure field of ocean and atmosphere with special consideration of the western North Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. In: Publications of the Institute for Oceanography at the University of Berlin. Berlin 1937, NF (A) 33, pp. 5-52.
  11. ^ A b Günter Dietrich: About the movement and origin of the Gulf Stream water. In: Publications of the Institute for Oceanography at the University of Berlin. Berlin 1935, NF (A) 33, pp. 53-91.
  12. ↑ Günter Dietrich: Some morphological results of the "Meteor" trip January to May 1938. In: Annalen der Hydrographie und maritimen Meteorologie. Supplement January, 1939, 67, pp. 20-23.
  13. ^ Günter Dietrich: On the topography and morphology of the sea floor in the northern North Atlantic Ocean. In: German Hydrographic Journal. Supplement 3, 1939, pp. 26-34.
  14. ^ Günter Dietrich: On the topography of the Anton-Dohrn-Kuppe. In: Kiel Marine Research. 17, 1961, pp. 3-7.
  15. ^ Günter Dietrich, Johannes Ulrich: Atlas for oceanography. Meyers Großer Physikalischer Weltatlas 7, Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim 1968, pp. 1–76.
  16. ↑ Günter Dietrich: Overflow of the Iceland-Faroe ridge near the ground after observations with the research ship "Anton Dohrn" 1955/56. In: German Hydrographic Journal. 9, 1956, pp. 78-89.
  17. ↑ Günter Dietrich: The overflow of the Iceland-Faroe ridge, a preliminary study for the international "overflow program" in June 1960. In: Kieler Meeresforschungen. 16, 1960, pp. 9-12.
  18. ^ Günter Dietrich: The Mediterranean. In: Journal of the Society for Geography. Berlin 1939, 3/4, pp. 108-130.
  19. ↑ Günter Dietrich: The anomalous annual fluctuation of the heat content in the English Channel, its causes and effects. In: German Hydrographic Journal. 3, 1950, pp. 184-20.
  20. ^ Günter Dietrich: Surface currents in the Kattegat, in the Sund and in the Beltsee. In: German Hydrographic Journal. 4, 1951, pp. 129-150.
  21. ^ Günter Dietrich, Hartwig Weidemann: Current conditions in the Bay of Lübeck. In: The coast. 1, 1952, pp. 69-89.
  22. ^ Günter Dietrich: Thermal stratification of the North Sea in August 1953. In: Annalen der Biologie. 1954, 10, pp. 80-82.
  23. ^ Günter Dietrich: Hydrographic conditions in the Central and Northern North Sea in August 1955 in June 1955. In: Annalen der Biologie. 1957, 12, pp. 71-73.
  24. ^ Günter Dietrich: Stratification and circulation of the Irminger Sea in June 1955. In: Annalen der Biologie. 1957, 12, pp. 36-38.
  25. ^ Günter Dietrich: The natural regions of the North and Baltic Seas on a hydrographic basis. In: Kiel Marine Research. 7, 1960, pp. 38-69.
  26. ↑ Günter Dietrich: A research trip to investigate the short-term fluctuations in the stratification and movement of the Baltic Sea in the summer of 1960. In: Kieler Meeresforschungen. 17, 1961, pp. 135-136.
  27. ^ Günter Dietrich: New hydrographical aspects of the Northwest Atlantic. In: International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Special Publication. 1965, 6, pp. 29-51.
  28. ^ Günter Dietrich: Atlas of the Hydrography of the northern North Atlantic Ocean. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), Copenhagen 1969, pp. 1-140.
  29. ^ Günter Dietrich: The tides of the ocean as a geographical phenomenon. In: Journal of the Society for Geography. Berlin 1944, 3/4, pp. 69–85.
  30. ^ Günter Dietrich: Influences of tidal streams on oceanographic and climatic conditions in the sea as exemplified by the English Channel. In: Nature. 1944, 168, pp. 6-11.
  31. ^ Günter Dietrich: Surface currents in the Kattegat, in the Sund and in the Beltsee. In: German Hydrographic Journal. 4, 1951, pp. 129-150.
  32. ^ Günter Dietrich, Dietrich Sarhage, Kurt Schubert: Locating fish concentrations by thermometric methods. In: Kristjonss (Ed.): Modern fishing gear of the world. Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London 1959, pp. 453-461.
  33. ^ Günter Dietrich: On the relationship between the distribution of redfish and redfish larvae and the hydrographical conditions in the Irminger Sea. In: Rapports et procès-verbaux des réunions / Conseil permanent international pour l'exploration de la mer. 1961, 150, pp. 124-139.
  34. ^ Günter Dietrich: Fishery hydrography in the context of international marine research. In: Reports of the German Scientific Commission for Marine Research. 1962, 17, pp. 21-26.

swell

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Hans Ulrich Roll: In memoriam Günter Dietrich 1911–1972. In: Meteor Research Results. A 12, Berlin 1922, pp. 33-43.
  2. ^ Institute for Oceanography: Günter Dietrich † October 2, 1972. In: Christiana Albertina. 1973, 15, pp. 92-93.
  3. ↑ Johann RE Lutjeharms, Gerhard Kortum: German research on the Agulhas Current system between the World Wars: a lost scientific achievement. In: Historisch-Meereskundliches Jahrbuch. 2005, 11 pp. 73-98.
  4. ↑ a b Johann RE Lutjeharms: The Agulhas Current. Berlin 2006, p. VI, 2–3, 19.
  5. ↑ Manfred Stein: Meteor I: The second part of the German North Atlantic Expedition, January to July 1938. Book on demand, Internationales Maritimes Museum Hamburg, epubli GmbH, Berlin 2015, 45 figs., Pp. 1–41 (Meteor I: The second part of the cruise during the German North Atlantic Expedition, January to July 1938).
  6. ^ Gerd Wegner: Special Colloquium - 100 Years Günter Dietrich. With contributions by Bernd Brügge, Gerold Siedler, Arne Biastoch, Gotthilf Hempel and Ursel Schauer. In: DGM-Mitteilungen. 3/11, German Society for Marine Research, Hamburg 2011, pp. 7–25.
  7. ^ Günther Böhnecke, Adolf Bückmann: Günther Dietrich November 15, 1911 - October 2, 1972. In: Reports of the German Scientific Commission for Marine Research. 22, 1973, pp. 463-471.
  8. ^ Walter Zenk, Gerold Siedler, Peter C. Wille, Gerd Wegner, Jörn Thiede, Volker Storch, Peter Speth, Eberhard Ruprecht, Manfred Ehrhardt, Bernt Zeitzschel: "Early oceanography and the development of physical and chemical marine sciences in Kiel after World War II. " In: "Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv, Wissenschaftliches Jahrbuch des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums", Bremerhaven, 39, 2018, (stated publication date 2016, but actually published 2018), ISSN  0343-3668 , ISBN 978-3-86927-039-5 , p. 41– 72.
  9. ↑ Thiede, J., WW Hay, M. Sarnthein, P. Schäfer, G. Siedler, P. Stoffers, V. Storch, E. Suess, R. von Huene, PC Wille, B. Zeitzschel, W. Zenk: " From a modest start to a flourishing marine research environment: The institutional development of marine geosciences in Kiel / Germany after World War II. " In: "Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv, Wissenschaftliches Jahrbuch des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums", Bremerhaven, 39, 2018, (given year date 2016, but published in 2018), ISSN  0343-3668 , ISBN 978-3-86927-039-5 , p. 95 -144.
  10. ↑ McElheny: Revival of Oceanography in Germany. In: Science. 146, 1964, pp. 45-48.
  11. ^ Wolfgang Krauss: Günter Dietrichs Kieler Years (1959–1972). In: Christiana Albertina. Neumünster 1987, 24 NFS 43-54.
  12. ^ Gerold Siedler, Regina Bröcker: Bibliography Günter Dietrich. In: Meteor Research Results. Berlin 1980, pp. 71-74.
  13. ↑ Fritz Spiess: The Meteor cruise. Research and experiences of the German Atlantic Expedition. Dietrich Reimers, Berlin 1928, pp. 1-375 (English The Stratosphere of the Atlantic Ocean ) translated by the Al-Ahram Center for Scientific Translations, Translation edited by William J. Emery, Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1978, 1-112, 1-429 (The Meteor Expedition. Scientific Results of the German Atlantic Expedition, 1925-1927).
  14. ^ A b Arthur J Lee: Günter Dietrich November 15, 1911 - October 2, 1972. In: Journal du Conseil / Conseil Permanent International pour l'Exploration de la Mer. 36 1, 1974, pp. 4-6.
  15. ↑ a b Joris Gieskes, Selim Morcos: In memory of Günther Dietrich (1911–1972). In: Unesco International Marine Science Newsletter. 30, Special Issue 1981-1982, 1982, p. 4.
  16. ^ Institute for Oceanography at the University of Kiel: Annual report for 1970. In: Kieler Meeresforschungen. 27, 1, 1970, p. 58.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [1] SSOAR website. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
  2. ↑ [2] SSOAR website. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Dietrich, Günter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German oceanographer
DATE OF BIRTH November 15, 1911
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH 2nd October 1972
Place of death Kiel
  1. ^ Member entry by Günter Dietrich at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on November 16, 2016.