Galeras
| Galeras (Urcunina) | ||
|---|---|---|
 Pasto in front of the Galeras (2005) |
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| height | 4276 m | |
| location | Colombia | |
| Coordinates | 1 ° 13 ′ 19 ″ N , 77 ° 21 ′ 33 ″ W | |
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| Type | complex volcano | |
| Last eruption | August 25, 2010 | |
The Galeras (in the language of the indigenous peoples in the 16th century also Urcunina ) is a stratovolcano in Colombia and is located within the boundaries of the municipality ( municipio ) La Florida near the town of Pasto in the department of Nariño in southwestern Colombia. The volcano is currently active in varying degrees (warning level "Yellow III").
The volcano has a base diameter of around 20 kilometers and a crater diameter of 320 meters. The crater depth is 80 meters.
The Galeras is one of the 16 Decade Volcanoes worldwide that the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) has selected because these volcanoes deserve particularly intensive research due to their history of large, destructive eruptions and their proximity to inhabited areas .
outbreaks
The eruptive activity in the area of the volcanic complex began more than 1 million years ago. Two eruptions about 560,000 and 150,000 years ago led to the formation of calderas . Several large explosive eruptions formed tephra deposits and pyroclastic currents poured over the southern flanks of the volcano. At least six major eruptions are suspected in the past 5000 years, as well as a large number of smaller ones, around 20 in the 16th century alone .
In January 1993, the six geologists Geoff Brown , Néstor García , Igor Menjailow , José Arlés Zapata , Fernando Cuenca and Carlos Trujillo as well as three tourists were killed in an unexpected eruption . Even Stanley N. Williams was part of the team of researchers led straight through the crater measurements, and only survived seriously injured.
In November 2006, 8,000 surrounding residents had to be evacuated after a warning from the Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombian Geology Institute ).
Another outbreak took place in February 2009, around 8,000 people had to be brought to safety in the Nariño department.
On August 25, 2010, the volcano erupted again. Residents were evacuated. At times, the warning level "Yellow III" was imposed.
literature
- Stanley Williams, Fen Montaigne: The Fire Mountain. How I survived the eruption of the Galeras volcano. Goldmann, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-442-15209-7 .
- Victoria Bruce: Volcano of Death: The True Story of the Galeras and Nevado Del Ruiz Disasters. Malik Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-89029-217-8 .
swell
- ↑ Observatorios Vulcanológicos ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. by Servicio Geológico Colombiano (sp)
- ↑ Evacuados 8,000 colombianos por el riesgo de erupción del volcán Galeras. on: 20minutos.es , November 23, 2006 (Spanish)
- ↑ SF Tagesschau : Thousands flee from the volcano : tagesschau.sf.tv , February 15, 2009.
- ↑ Colombia: Travel and Safety Advice. to: Auswaertiges-amt.de
Web links
- Observatorios Vulcanológicos - Servicio Geológico Colombiano (Spanish)
- Galeras in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
- Galeras on Volcano World (English)