Gallery graves near Atteln
| Gallery graves near Atteln | |||
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 The gallery grave of Atteln I |
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| Coordinates | Atteln I , Atteln II | ||
| place | Lichtenau , OT Atteln , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany | ||
| Emergence | around 3150 to 2950 BC Chr. | ||
The gallery graves near Atteln are two megalithic graves from the Neolithic near Atteln , a district of Lichtenau in the Paderborn district ( North Rhine-Westphalia ).
location
Grave I is on the eastern edge of Atteln. It is located next to an industrial park in a group of trees on the northeast side of the street Im Mersch. Grave II is located 550 m northwest of this. The gallery grave Henglarn II is located about 2.8 km west of grave II . All of these facilities are part of the Paderborn Group , a regional cluster of Neolithic gallery graves.
Research history
Grave I was discovered in 1926 while plowing, Grave II earlier. Both systems were archaeologically examined in 1926 under the direction of August Stieren and again in 1978 under the direction of Klaus Günther . Grave I was subsequently reconstructed in 1980. Grab I was digitally measured in November 2019 in order to create a virtual model. It is also planned to incorporate the complex along with several other large stone graves based on the model of the Lower Saxony megalithic street in a tourist hiking trail.
description
Grave I.
architecture
The plant is oriented west-northwest-east-southeast and has a length of 21 m, a width of 2.7 m and an original height of 1.7 m. The burial chamber is sunk into the ground to about a third of its height. It is built on the rock and was originally a hill. It has an inner length of 19.5 m, a width of 2 m and an original ceiling height of 1.3 m. The walls were made of limestone plates ( Cenomanian - pläners been built). An overturned plate has a height of 1.7 m, a width of up to 2.45 m and a thickness between 02 m and 0.4 m. Most of the wall panels were badly damaged by agricultural activity. Only fragments of the cover plates are preserved. The access to the chamber is on the east-south-east narrow side. It consists of a 2 m long and 0.8 m wide drywall construction without an anteroom.
The building material for the grave comes from about 2.7-2.8 km from the valley floor of the Altenau to the southeast . The material requirement is estimated at around 97.5 t.
Burials
Few human bones were recovered from the 1926 excavation. They were destroyed in World War II . In 1978 further skeletal remains were recovered but not yet published.
Additions
No Neolithic pottery was found in the grave. Only a few Bronze and Iron Age sherds come from the backfill pits of the excavation in 1926 . Other finds were a canine tooth from a bear, some animal bones and a naturally perforated piece of brown iron stone .
Dating
By means of the radiocarbon method , the time when the system was built was 4450 ± 65 BP ; 3153 ± 136 calBC can be determined.
Grave II
architecture
The system is oriented northeast-southwest and has a length of 29 m, a width between 3 m and 3.5 m and an original height of 1.7 m. The burial chamber is sunk into the ground to about two thirds of its height and was probably built on the rock. It has an inner length of 27.5 m, a width between 2.5 m and 3 m and an original height of 1.4 m. The walls were made of limestone slabs (probably also Cenomanian plans). The spaces between the slabs were filled with masonry made of small stones and covered with clay. Most of the wall panels were badly damaged by agricultural activity and are no more than 1 m high. Most of the cover plates have been destroyed. In 1926 only the remainder of a single plate was found. The entrance to the chamber is in the middle of the southwest long side. Here is a corridor with an outer width of 2 m, an inner width of 1.8 m and a length of 1.5 m. A perforated stone was not found, but a trench suggests that one was originally there. Today the grave is completely covered with earth and not visible above ground.
The building material for this plant probably comes from the same place as that of grave I. The material requirement is estimated at about 161.2 t.
Burials
In 1926 bones were recovered from about 200 individuals. These were destroyed in World War II. In 1978 further skeletal remains were recovered but not yet published.
Additions
Numerous ceramic shards were found in the grave. Three deeply engraved sherds belong to the western group of the funnel beaker culture, nine more to the Wartberg culture . The majority of the sherds can only generally be classified as Neolithic. Furthermore, 30 flint artefacts were found, which, however, are probably not grave goods. Rather, its patina and design suggest that it is a Mesolithic find from an earlier settlement phase.
Dating
Using the radiocarbon method, the facility could be used by 4321 ± 30 BP; 2952 ± 43 calBC can be determined, the typochronological classification of the found funnel beaker, however, suggests a somewhat older date of origin.
literature
- Klaus Günther : The Neolithic stone chamber graves of Atteln, Kr. Paderborn (Westphalia). In: Germania , Volume 57, 1979, pp. 153-161.
- Klaus Günther: Keyword “Atteln”. In: Neujahrsgruß 1979. 1979, pp. 9-11.
- Klaus Günther: Final investigation and reconstruction of the Neolithic stone chamber grave Atteln I, City of Lichtenau, Paderborn district in 1980. Unprinted report, 1981.
- Klaus Günther: Keyword “Atteln”. In: Neujahrsgruß 1982. 1982, p. 19.
- Klaus Günther: Keyword “Lichtenau-Atteln”. In: Excavations and finds in Westphalia-Lippe. Volume 1, 1983, p. 271.
- Klaus Günther: The Megalithic Grave Henglarn I, City of Lichtenau, Paderborn District (= soil antiquities of Westphalia. Volume 28), Münster 1992, p. 63.
- Klaus Günther: The megalithic grave Atteln I. A tomb of Neolithic farmers and ranchers in the Paderborn region. In: Archeology in East Westphalia. Volume 1, 1997, pp. 14-15.
- Hugo Hoffmann: Status and tasks of prehistoric and early historical research in Westphalia. In: Westphalian research. Volume 1, 1938, p. 213.
- Dirk Raetzel-Fabian : Absolute chronology. In: Klaus Günther: The collective grave necropolis Warburg I – V (= soil antiquities of Westphalia. Volume 29). Zabern, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-8053-2451-0 , p. 166.
- Dirk Raetzel-Fabian: Calden. Earthworks and burial places of the early Neolithic. Architecture - ritual - chronology (= university research on prehistoric archeology. Volume 70). Habelt, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-7749-3022-8 , pp. 155-156, 230.
- Kerstin Schierhold : Studies on the Hessian-Westphalian megalithic. Research status and perspectives in a European context (= Münster contributions to prehistoric and early historical archeology. Volume 6). Leidorf, Rahden / Westf. 2012, ISBN 978-3-89646-284-8 , pp. 251-253.
- Waldtraut Schrickel : Catalog of the Central German graves with Western European elements and the gallery graves of Western Germany. Bonn 1966, pp. 443-444.
- August Stieren : The big stone boxes of Westphalia. In: Westphalia. Volume 13, 1927, pp. 3-8.
- August Stieren: A report on excavations and finds for the years 1925–1928 (= soil antiquities of Westphalia. Volume 1). Westfälische Vereinsdruckerei, Münster 1929, pp. 36–39 ( PDF; 12.3 MB ).
- August bulls: Westphalia. Neolithic. In: Max Ebert (Hrsg.): Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte. Volume 14. Uckermark - Cypriot loop needle. DeGruyter, Berlin 1929, p. 287.
Web links
- The Megalithic Portal: Grave I , Grave II
- strahlen.org: Large stone grave "Atteln 1", Atteln, Lichtenau near Paderborn
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dietmar Kemper: The place of worship in Lichtenau-Atteln is digitally recorded and made accessible to tourists. This grave gives more. In: westfalen-blatt.de. November 29, 2020, accessed August 7, 2020.