Gaillarde

Gaillarde in the orchésography of Thoinot Arbeau

The Gaillarde or Galliarde (in French gaillard , 'happy', 'lively'; or as Italian Gagliarda , Germanized Gagliarde , in Italian gagliardo , 'powerful'; Spanish Gallarda , English Galliard ) was a popular one in France from the 15th century Dance in a faster three-step dance , as a jumping dance and (mostly) happy, lively night dance (see Allemande ), often in combination with a slower step dance (see Pavane ) or round dance paired in a straight beat. As the Pavane - Galliarde dance couple, a core movement of the instrumental suite (since the 17th century), it was later replaced by the Courante there.

The Gaillarde spread to many European courts at the end of the 15th century. In the dance books of the 16th century (whose dances can also be found in instrumental pieces that have only survived through sheet music - e.g. by or with Pierre Attaingnant (1529), Pierre Phalèse ( Hortulus Cytharae. Löwen 1570), Anthony Holborne and Alonso de Mudarra (Seville, 1546) or John Dowland - cf. also orchésography by Thoinot Arbeau ) a wealth of variations of this dance are described. The basic step is the cinque-pas (German: five steps), consisting of four small jumps, alternating from the left to the right foot, with the other foot being led forward in the air. The fifth final step - you lead the front foot backwards in a larger jump and put it down at an angle - is called cadence. The Gaillarde was danced both as a soloist and with a partner, in a courtly context always with a partner.

Enthusiastic Gaillarde dancers were, for example, Queen Elizabeth I of England, and in Spain Don Juan José de Austria .

Galliarde, around 1530

A Gagliarde from the Pierre Attaignant collection as an audio sample:

Gagliarde XXII at Attaignant ^{? / i}

Web links

Youtube films:

Other:

Extensive website on Renaissance dances ( Memento from January 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (French)

Remarks

^ Konrad Ragossnig : Handbook of the guitar and lute. Schott, Mainz 1978, ISBN 3-7957-2329-9 , p. 109.
^ Adalbert Quadt : Lute music from the Renaissance. According to tablature ed. by Adalbert Quadt. Volume 1 ff. Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1967 ff .; 4th edition, ibid. 1968, Volume 2, Introduction.
↑ Hans Dagobert Bruger (Ed.): Pierre Attaignant, two- and three-part solo pieces for the lute. Möseler Verlag, Wolfenbüttel / Zurich 1926, p. 32.
↑ Hubert Zanoskar (ed.): Guitar playing of old masters. Original music from the 16th and 17th centuries. Volume 1. B. Schott's Sons, Mainz 1955 (= Edition Schott. Volume 4620), p. 8 f.
↑ Hans Dagobert Bruger (Ed.): Pierre Attaignant, two- and three-part solo pieces for the lute. Möseler Verlag, Wolfenbüttel / Zurich 1926, pp. 2, 16, 20 f., 27, 32 and 34 f.
↑ Heinz Teuchert (ed.): Masters of the Renaissance (= My first guitar pieces. Book 3). G. Ricordi & Co. Bühnen- und Musikverlag, Munich 1971 (= Ricordi. Sy. 2201), ISBN 978-3-931788-33-9 , p. 9.
↑ Adalbert Quadt (ed.): Guitar music from the 16th to 18th centuries Century. According to tablature ed. by Adalbert Quadt. Volume 1-4. Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1970 ff .; 2nd edition ibid 1975–1984, Volume 1, p. 5 ( Gagliarde as a night dance to the Pavane des bouffons ), 6 (2 Gagliarden) and 58.
↑ Frederick Noad: The Renaissance Guitar. (= The Frederick Noad Guitar Anthology. Part 1) Ariel Publications, New York 1974; Reprint: Amsco Publications, New York / London / Sydney, UK ISBN 0-7119-0958-X , US ISBN 0-8256-9950-9 , pp. 51 and 84.
↑ Siegfried Behrend (Ed.): Old Spanish Lute Music for Guitar (= Old European Lute Music for Guitar. Issue 5). Musikverlag Hans Sikorski, Hamburg 1959 (= Edition Sikorski. No. 527), p. 3 f.
↑ That wrote a courtier around Christmas 1589. See: John E. Neale, Elisabeth I - Queen of England , Munich: Diederichs, 1994, p. 361.

[1] Konrad Ragossnig : Handbook of the guitar and lute. Schott, Mainz 1978, ISBN 3-7957-2329-9 , p. 109.

[2] Adalbert Quadt : Lute music from the Renaissance. According to tablature ed. by Adalbert Quadt. Volume 1 ff. Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1967 ff .; 4th edition, ibid. 1968, Volume 2, Introduction.

[3] Hans Dagobert Bruger (Ed.): Pierre Attaignant, two- and three-part solo pieces for the lute. Möseler Verlag, Wolfenbüttel / Zurich 1926, p. 32.

[4] Hubert Zanoskar (ed.): Guitar playing of old masters. Original music from the 16th and 17th centuries. Volume 1. B. Schott's Sons, Mainz 1955 (= Edition Schott. Volume 4620), p. 8 f.

[5] Hans Dagobert Bruger (Ed.): Pierre Attaignant, two- and three-part solo pieces for the lute. Möseler Verlag, Wolfenbüttel / Zurich 1926, pp. 2, 16, 20 f., 27, 32 and 34 f.

[6] Heinz Teuchert (ed.): Masters of the Renaissance (= My first guitar pieces. Book 3). G. Ricordi & Co. Bühnen- und Musikverlag, Munich 1971 (= Ricordi. Sy. 2201), ISBN 978-3-931788-33-9 , p. 9.

[7] Adalbert Quadt (ed.): Guitar music from the 16th to 18th centuries Century. According to tablature ed. by Adalbert Quadt. Volume 1-4. Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1970 ff .; 2nd edition ibid 1975–1984, Volume 1, p. 5 ( Gagliarde as a night dance to the Pavane des bouffons ), 6 (2 Gagliarden) and 58.

[8] Frederick Noad: The Renaissance Guitar. (= The Frederick Noad Guitar Anthology. Part 1) Ariel Publications, New York 1974; Reprint: Amsco Publications, New York / London / Sydney, UK ISBN 0-7119-0958-X , US ISBN 0-8256-9950-9 , pp. 51 and 84.

[9] Siegfried Behrend (Ed.): Old Spanish Lute Music for Guitar (= Old European Lute Music for Guitar. Issue 5). Musikverlag Hans Sikorski, Hamburg 1959 (= Edition Sikorski. No. 527), p. 3 f.

[10] That wrote a courtier around Christmas 1589. See: John E. Neale, Elisabeth I - Queen of England , Munich: Diederichs, 1994, p. 361.