Gambela (city)
Coordinates: 8 ° 15 ' N , 34 ° 35' E
Gambela (also written Gambella , Amharic ጋምቤላ ) is a city in western Ethiopia . It is the capital of the Gambela region of the same name . In 2005 it had 31,282 inhabitants according to the census.
The place was founded on the Baro - a tributary of the Nile - to export goods by ship from Ethiopia to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and to Egypt. Menelik II allowed Great Britain to build a port on the Baro in 1902, and in 1907 the port and customs post were opened. A ship connection to Khartoum was established, which in the mid-1930s ran twice a month in the rainy season and took seven days downstream and eleven days upstream. From 1927 Haile Selassie granted two Greeks concessions to build a road to Metu and Gore .
When Fascist Italy occupied Ethiopia in 1936 , shipping to Sudan was discontinued. The Italians built a road to Neqemtee . In 1941 Great Britain ended the Italian occupation in Ethiopia and thus also in Gambela. A new Anglo-Ethiopian treaty in 1944 abolished most of the British privileges in Gambela, but it remained a British enclave in Ethiopia. Sudan, which gained independence in 1956, finally surrendered the area entirely to Ethiopia.
In 1994, of 18,263 inhabitants, 33.8% were Anuak , 26.1% Oromo , 14% Amharen , 10.4% Nuer , 6.5% Tigray and 4.3% Kambaata .
Traditionally, the Anuak and the Nuer are the largest ethnic groups in Gambela. Since the mid-1980s, however, numerous Ethiopians came to the region from other parts of the country, mainly through government resettlement campaigns. In Gambela they are called highlanders ("highlanders", or derogatory "Galla", a pejorative term that means Amhara, Tigrayer and Oromo in the region). There were repeated conflicts between Nuer, Anuak and “Hochländer”. From December 13, 2003, after an attack allegedly committed by Anuak, “highlands” and Ethiopian soldiers rioted for three days. Anuak districts were destroyed and over 400 people, almost exclusively Anuak, were killed.
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- ↑ Central Statistical Agency : 2005 National Statistics, Section – B Population ( Memento of the original dated February 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Table B.4 (PDF; 1.8 MB)
- ↑ CSA: [The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Gambela Region, Volume I. Statistical Report on Population Size and Characteristics], 1994
- ^ Human Rights Watch: Targeting the Anuak: Human Rights Violations and Crimes against Humanity in Ethiopia's Gambella Region , 2005
