Mountain goat

As mountain goats all to life in are high mountains custom goat breeds referred.

To the subject

In principle, all goats have very good climbing skills, a head for heights and a high level of surefootedness, as they mostly descend from the Bezoar goat ( Capra aegagrus aegagrus ) from Asia Minor to Central Asia, an animal that is at home in the mountains like other wild goats and the closely related ibex . The screw goat (Markhor, Capra falconeri ) of Central Asia, ancestral form of many Asian breeding goats, is a typical mountain goat .

In goat breeds that were bred for high milk yield or as a meat breed, the instincts of the wild animals are sometimes somewhat degenerate , but above all - if they are kept in the high mountains - the harsh climatic conditions and the high physical demands make them difficult. Mountain goats - the term probably established itself in the second half of the 19th century, when dedicated breed breeding began - are therefore races that have high tolerance to cold and heat, are robust, disease-resistant, physically resilient and sure-footed, as well as intelligent and social . A high yield (in milk, meat and other animal products ) stands in the background against survivability and ease of care, which is why it is mostly a multi-purpose breed . These mountain breeds are typically kept outdoors in summer or all year round as part of a hiking pasture economy (such as alpine pasture or transhumance ), and also rise at their own discretion to high alpine locations if they find foraging grounds there and must independently ensure their safety. For this reason, mountain goats have a stable herd structure with experienced lead animals as the basis of cattle breeding, so they are usually kept up to a higher age than flatland breeds.

Mountain goat breeds have become rare today as local breeding forms and many are threatened with extinction, and are being cultivated again in protection programs for old breeding breeds.

Mountain goat breeds

Mountain races of the Alpine region

• Saanen goat , Saanen goat , Blanche de Saanen : main goat of the Alpine region, often highly bred, locally still suitable for the mountains (originally Bernerland, Switzerland)
• Common mountain goat , Alpina comune , Chèvre Alpine : collective term for several varieties, worldwide (originally Switzerland / France)
• Chamois- colored mountain goat, Swiss roe deer goat, colorful noble goat, Alpine chamoisée, Chamoisée des Alpes : common, breeding standard of the common mountain goat in Switzerland (originally Bern / Graubünden, Switzerland)
• Peacock goat , gray-black mountain goat , Chèvre Paon : common, young breeding standard of the common mountain goat , widespread (originally probably entire Alpine region: Ticino / Graubünden, Switzerland, also Austria)
• Paloma goat , gray-black-white mountain goat : very rare (Graubünden, Switzerland)
• Toggenburg goat , robust country goat, also for lighter mountains (St. Gallenerland, Switzerland)
• Bündner Strahlenziege (Bündnerland, Switzerland)
• Gray mountain goat , Capra Grigia : very threatened (Ticino / Graubünden, Switzerland)
• Appenzell goat, robust country goat, also for lighter mountains (Appenzell, Switzerland)
• Simplon goat, Simplerziege, Capra Sempione : threatened (Valais, Switzerland)
• Nera Verzasca goat , Capra Verzaschese : threatened (Ticino, Switzerland)
• Walliser black-necked goat , Vallesana goat , saddle goat , Vispertal goat, glacier goat, Halsene, Chèvre à col noir du Valais : threatened (Wallis, Switzerland / Piedmont, Italy)
• Copper- necked goat: characteristic variant of the Valais black-necked goat, very endangered (Valais, Switzerland)
• Stiefelgeiss , Sardona goat: multi-purpose breed, endangered (Sarganserland, Switzerland)
• Tauernschecke : multi-use breed, endangered (Salzburgerland / Tyrol, Austria)
• Pinzgau goat : three-purpose breed (Salzburgerland / Tyrol, Austria)
• Pinzgauer Strahlenziege : three-purpose breed, rare (Salzburgerland / Tyrol)
• Bare goat : very rare (Tyrol / South Tyrol)
• Passeir mountain goat, Passeir mountain goat: meat goat, threatened (South Tyrol)
• Valdostana goat , Capra Valdostana : threatened (Aosta Valley, Italy)
• Roccaverano goat , Capra Roccaverano : threatened (Piedmont, Italy)
• Bionda dell'Adamello : threatened (South Tyrol / Trient, Italy)
• Friesian Valtellin goat , Frisa Valtellinese, Frontalasca : threatened (Valtellina, Italy)
• Orobica di Val Gerla : threatened (Lombardy, Italy)
• Lariana goat , Capra lariana : threatened (Lombardy, Italy)
• Mochena goat , Capra mochena : threatened (Trento, Italy)
• Istrian goat , Capra Istriana : threatened (Friuli, Italy)
• Provence goat , Chèvre Provençale : the classic goat of transhumance; become rare, but secured (Provence, France)

More European mountain goats

• Black Forest goat: breed of the colorful German noble goat, good climbing and mountain goat (Black Forest, Germany)
• Erzgebirge goat: loft of the colorful German noble goat, rare (Erzgebirge, Germany / Czech Republic)
• Chèvre du Massif Central : young breeding standard, robust low mountain goat, rare (Massif Central, France)
• Pyrenean goat , Chèvre Pyrénéenne : was almost extinct (Pyrenees, France / Spain)
• Corsica goat , Chèvre Corse , Capra Corsa : typical heat-tolerant Mediterranean mountain goat, still common (Corsica, France)
• Sardinia goat , Capra Sarda : long-haired, heat-tolerant Mediterranean mountain goat, still common (Sardinia, Italy)

Non-European races

• Boer goat : is also considered suitable for the mountains in the Alpine region, here breeding standard (originally South Africa).

See also

• List of goat breeds - complete overview
• Mountain race

Web links

Associations:

• AlpiNetGheep.com: Rassen - common platform for sheep and goat breeding associations and organizations from Bavaria, Austria and South Tyrol
• ProSpecieRara: Animals → Goats (Switzerland)
• Mountain and Meat Goat Breeding Association Unterland (gebirgsziegen.at , Tyrol)
• Swiss Goat Breeding Association SZZV
• Tyrolean goat breeding association: mountain goat breeds
• Goats , website of the Austrian National Association for Gene Reserves (ÖNGENE)
• Associatione Italiana Razze Autoctone Rischio Estinzione - RARE (associazionerare.it): Search Capra

Individual evidence

1. ↑ also known from the excellent tree-climbing pygmy goats
2. ↑ Mentioned, for example, as a local name as "in Obwalden you can meet horned 'mountain goats' (with top coat) and unhorned 'Thalziegen' ..." in Felix Anderegg: Illustrated textbook for the entire Swiss alpine economy , Volume 1, published by Steiger & Cie., 1897 , P. 589 ( limited preview in Google Book search); The term in the general sense, for example, “the Pyrenean goat and probably most of the mountain goats in Europe” in Conrad Keller: The ancestry of the oldest domestic animals. Volume 11 of the series of publications by the Schnyder von Wartensee Foundation . Verlag F. Amberger vorm. D. Bürkli, 1902, p. 201 ( limited preview in the Google book search); similarly also memorandum of the Swiss Natural Research Society , Verlag Fretz AG, 1910, p. 176 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
3. ↑ for example: “The Swiss mountain goats, whose herds use high mountain pastures and alpine pastures, are significant for Switzerland. The other races belong to the group of goats bred for milk and meat. ”John Hammond (Ed.): Handbuch der Tierzüchtung , Volume 3, P. Parey, 1961, p. 306 ( limited preview in Google book search).
4. ↑ special technical term: nightworthy
5. ↑ so already Fritz-Martin Engel: Das große Buch der Alpenwelt , Suedwest Verlag, 1971, ISBN 978-351700322-1 , p. 52 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} on the distribution of the Swiss breeds see map Distribution of the breeds in Appenzell goats: The goat breeding of Switzerland ( Memento of the original from October 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , zwergziegen.ch
7. ↑ These include Cou Blanc, Cou Clair, Cou Noir, Sundgau, Pied, Chamoisées in France; More performance-oriented lofts and crossbreeds are for example Bunte Deutsche Edelziege / Bunte Edelziege (Austria) , British Alpine
8. ↑ Bunte Edelziege ( Memento of the original from November 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Italy), alpinetgheep.com; Race caprine Alpine , in Les races caprines françaises - French goat breeds - Las razas caprinas francesas , agroparistech.fr; La chèvre Alpine ( Memento of the original dated December 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , capgenes.com; Alpina comune , in Atlante delle razze caprine , agraria.org; Alpines , Oklahoma State University: Breeds of Livestock , ansi.okstate.edu/breeds; → fr: Alpine (race caprine) , en: Alpine (goat)    
9. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} Information from Luigi Andrea Brambilla, Laura Milone: Locally bred Italian mountain goats: the Bionda dell'Adamello . In l'Eco delle Dolomiti No. 5 ( online , ecodelledolomiti.net).
10. ↑ Capra Sempione , prospecierara.ch (de); Sempione , in Atlante delle razze caprine , agraria.org
11. ↑ Nera Verzasca , prospecierara.ch; Nera Verzascaziege ( Memento of the original from July 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , szzv.caprovis.ch  
12. ↑ Pinzgauer Ziege , gebirgsziegen.at
13. ↑ Pinzgauer Strahlenziege , tiroler-ziegenzuchtverband.at; Pinzgauer Strahlenziege , gebirgsziegen.at
14. ↑ Blobe Ziege , tiroler-ziegenzuchtverband.at; Blobe Ziege , gebirgsziegen.at;
15. ^ Valdostana , in Atlante delle razze caprine , agraria.org
16. ↑ Roccaverano , in Atlante delle razze caprine , agraria.org
17. ↑ Description in particular in l'Eco delle Dolomiti No. 5; X mostra dell'Ass. Allevatori per la Tutela e la Valorizzazione della capra Bionda dell'Adamello, Cevo (BS) 5 Maggio 2013 , Luigi Andrea Brambilla, associazionerare.it; Bionda dell'Adamello , in Atlante delle razze caprine , agraria.org
18. ↑ Frontalasca o Frisa Valtellinese , in Atlante delle razze caprine , agraria.org
19. ^ Istriana , in Atlante delle razze caprine , agraria.org
20. ↑ Etude de la race caprine: Provençale ( Memento of the original of November 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , brg.prd.fr; Race Caprine Provençale , racesdefrance.fr; La chèvre Provençale ( Memento of the original dated December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , capgenes.com; → fr: Provençale (race caprine)    
21. ↑ Schwarzwaldziege ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , zwergziegen.ch
22. ↑ Etude de la race caprine: Massif Central ( Memento of the original of November 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , brg.prd.fr; Race Caprine Chèvre du Massif Central , racesdefrance.fr; La chèvre du Massif Central ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , capgenes.com    
23. ↑ La chèvre Pyrénéenne ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , capgenes.com; Race Caprine Pyrénéenne , racesdefrance.fr; Race caprine des Pyrenees , agroparistech.fr  
24. ↑ La chèvre Corse ( Memento of the original dated December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , capgenes.com; Race Caprine Corse , racesdefrance.fr; Etude de la race caprine: Corse ( Memento of the original from November 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Burea des Ressources genetiques, brg.prd.fr; → fr: Corse (race caprine)    
25. ^ Sarda , in Atlante delle razze caprine , agraria.org
26. ↑ Boer goat , gebirgsziegen.at
27. ↑ ^{a b} see also Caprine Species in Austria (Züchtervereinigung Ziegen in Österreich according to 89/361 / EWG) ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Overview, as of December 30, 2009 (pdf, Lebensministerium.at)