Hazardous area

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A hazard area or danger area is usually an area in which there is or may be a danger or danger to people, animals, goods or, more rarely, an area in which this should be excluded.

Weapons / ammunition hazard area

Sharp shooting may only be used in close proximity to people if it can be assumed with a high degree of probability that no person can be hit directly by the shot or by ricochets. The shooter may only shoot against a safe cover or in a direction in which he can see the area in which the shot is going up to the range of his weapon.

The terms danger area and hazard area denote the maximum range of projectiles fired from firearms, this is the area in which people or property can be endangered by the projectile.

The forensically recognized limit values ​​for energy density are 0.1 J / mm² for skin and 0.06 J / mm² for spheres and 0.02 J / mm² for cubes. At 0.1 J / mm² there is only a less than 5% probability that the skin will penetrate. Children have also suffered irreversible eye injuries from airsoft gun bullets with 0.025 J / mm². An energy density above 0.1 J / mm² is to be classified as dangerous as it can cause subcutaneous injuries. Even on soft ground, projectiles can ricochet off at an impact angle of less than 10 ° and continue to fly.

The hazard area when using shotgun pellets is 100,000 times the size of the pellet diameter. A shot diameter of 2 mm / 3 mm / 4 mm has a hazard area of ​​200 m / 300 m / 400 m. This is the maximum range of individual pellets with the most unfavorable firing angle of 28–35 °. At a distance of 180 meters, shot with a diameter of 2.5 mm / 3.5 mm has a width spread of 80 m / 60 m. The limit speed at which the shot no longer penetrates the uncovered human skin is approx. 70 m / s for a 3.5 mm shot made of lead, and approx. 64 m / s for a 4.0 mm shot for a 3.0 mm shot at approx. 75 m / s. The parachute speed of 3 mm lead shot is 25 m / s, of 3 mm steel shot 20 m / s.

The hazard area when shooting handgun ammunition and shotgun barrel projectiles ( shotguns have a smooth barrel) is 1500m, for .40 S&W , .38 Super , .357 SIG , .357 Magnum a range of 2000 meters is specified, for rifle bullets (rifled barrel) for Caliber .22 lfB in the most favorable departure angle of approx. 30 ° are also reached 1500 meters, the caliber 7 × 57 mm , .300 Winchester Magnum and 8 × 68 mm S can endanger the rear terrain even in 5,000 m, with high-performance cartridges this increases Hazard area at over 5000 meters.

The risk area in archery is 30 ° in both directions from the Schütze-Scheibe line and public paths and facilities are only allowed 250 meters behind the target.

Area of ​​Existing Hazards

  • The following is referred to as the danger area or danger area of ​​a machine:
    • "The area in and / or around a machine in which the safety or health of a person is endangered."
    • "Any area in and / or around a machine in which a person can be exposed to a hazard."
  • In mining, there are hazardous areas of old mining and shaft protection areas . Manhole protection areas are the areas around a manhole in which there is a risk of manhole collapse, in particular burglary, collapse and subsidence. For example, around the filled shafts Westfalen I and II, 15 meters from the center of the shaft must be kept free of any structures.
  • In the dike it is important to ensure the risk from flooding area.
  • One of the work areas of youth welfare in child protection is the risk area: averting existing risk to the child's welfare.
  • The danger area on the railway refers to an area in which dangers from moving trains for working personnel threaten.

Area that should be kept free from danger

  • In Austria, the area around railway facilities in which anything represents a danger to railway operations is referred to as a hazardous area.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ RG, U. v. January 19, 1920, RGZ 98, 58; BGH, decision of April 19, 1963 - VI ZR 43/62 - VersR 1963, 732
  2. ↑ a b Munich Administrative Court, judgment v. 11/25/2015 - M 7 K 14.5555
  3. ^ Hunters' examination in Lower Saxony, catalog of questions for the written part, subject 2, hunting weapons
  4. ↑ Beat Kneubuehl, Wound Ballistics: Basics and Applications, Springer, page 264
  5. ^ BG building guidelines for the construction of shooting ranges
  6. ↑ Regional Administrative Court of Lower Austria LVwG-AV-726 / 001-2016
  7. ↑ jagdnatur.ch
  8. ↑ a b Jägerprüfung Baden-Württemberg March 29, 2018
  9. ↑ Jägerprüfung Mecklenburg-Vorpommern question 249
  10. ↑ gromm.de
  11. ↑ a b Jägerprüfung Bayern questionnaire for the written part subject 1 questions 28 and 149 as of 2004
  12. ↑ Lower Saxony hunter test
  13. ↑ gipfelträume.at
  14. ↑ dsb.de
  15. ↑ Machinery Directive 2006/42 / EC, Appendix I, 1.1.1. b
  16. ↑ EN ISO 12100: 2010, section 3.11
  17. ^ TU Freiberg mining damage science
  18. ↑ City of Ahlen, hall 31, development plan 83 Westphalia mine shaft I / II
  19. ^ Rendsburg-Eckernförde district
  20. ↑ ris.bka.gov.at Railway Act § 43