Rhinopristiformes
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| Last , Séret & Naylor , 2016 |
The Rhinopristiformes are an order of rays . The order was proposed in 2012 and introduced in 2016 by the Australian marine biologist Peter R. Last and his colleagues and unites the various ray taxa known as violin or guitar rays and the saw rays (Pristidae). The reason for the union of the rays in a common order is the close relationship, which was established by molecular biological studies. The fiddle or guitar rays previously belonged to the order Rajiformes , the saw rays were the only family of the order Pristiformes.
features
In the shape of the fiddle and saw rays one can still recognize the shark-like ancestors of the rays. Their bodies are not yet as disc-shaped as many other rays. They are elongated and reach body lengths of 43 cm ( Rhinobatos annandalei ) to 7.5 meters ( Pristis pristis ). They have two dorsal fins, which are usually located behind the pelvic fins (the front one can also stand above the pelvic fins), as well as a more or less developed caudal fin. There are rows of small spines on the back. An enlarged tail spine is missing. The mouth is filled with numerous small, blunt teeth , adapted to their diet ( crustaceans and molluscs ).
Systematics
The Rhinopristiformes belong to 5 to 6 families, 11 to 12 genera and over 55 species. The following cladograms show the families of the Rhinopristiformes and two alternatives to the internal relationship.
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Rhinopristiformes cladogram according to Aschliman et al. (2012)
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Rhinopristiformes cladogram according to Last et al. (2016)
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With Aschliman and colleagues, Zanobatus schoenleinii (family Zanobatidae) also belongs to the Rhinopristiformes, with Last and colleagues the species has the function of the outgroup when calculating the phylogenetic tree . Since they did not include any other species that are definitely outside the Rhinopristiformes in their work, they cannot judge whether Zanobatus schoenleinii belongs to the Rhinopristiformes or not. Both cladograms also show that the Rhinobatidae are not monophyletic . Another family may have to be set up for the genus Pseudobatos , newly introduced by Last and colleagues .
Tribal history
The fiddle rays appear as the first rays in the Upper Jurassic in the fossil record. The genera Aellopos and Asterodermus are known from the Solnhofen limestone . Another fiddle ray is Rhombopterygia from the Upper Cretaceous Lebanon. The recent genus of fiddling rays Rhinobatos , Trygonorrhina and Zapteryx have been fossilized since the Lower Cretaceous and the Eocene . Sawfish occur with certainty from the Eocene onwards. In the Mesozoic there were the so-called pseudo -saw rays (Sclerorhynchidae), which looked very similar to the saw-rays. But whether they are related to them or whether it was a convergent development is still controversial.
Aellopos bugesiacus
Asterodermus platypterus
Rhinobatos hakelensis
Rhinobatos whitfieldi
Spathobatis bugesiacus
Libanopristis hiram
literature
- Last, PR, Séret, B. & Naylor, GJP (2016): A new species of guitarfish, Rhinobatos borneensis sp. nov. with a redefinition of the family-level classification in the order Rhinopristiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea). Zootaxa , Vol 4117, No 4: 451-475. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4117.4.1
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Neil C. Aschliman, Mutsumi Nishida, Masaki Miya, Jun G. Inoue, Kerri M. Rosana, Gavin JP Naylord: Body plan convergence in the evolution of skates and rays (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea). In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 63, No. 1, April 2012, pp. 28-42. doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2011.12.012
- ↑ Rhinobatos annandalei on Fishbase.org (English)
- ↑ Pristis pristis on Fishbase.org (English)
- ^ Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas of Fishes . Mergus-Verlag, Melle 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X , pp. 195-209.
Web links
- Order Rhinopristiformes on Fishbase.org (English)