Colorful gang owl

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Colorful gang owl
Variegated gang owl (Noctua fimbriata)

Variegated gang owl ( Noctua fimbriata )

Systematics
Family : Owl butterfly (Noctuidae)
Subfamily : Noctuinae
Tribe : Noctuini
Sub tribus : Noctuina
Genre : Noctua
Type : Colorful gang owl
Scientific name
Noctua fimbriata
( Schreber , 1759)
Colorful gang owl - preparation
Caterpillar

The Colorful Bandeule ( Noctua fimbriata ), also known as the Yellow Bandeule , is a butterfly from the owl butterfly family (Noctuidae).

features

The wingspan is 45 to 61 millimeters, with the males at 45 to 57 millimeters on average being slightly smaller than the females (49 to 61 millimeters). The basic color of the upper side of the forewing varies greatly from ocher yellow to reddish brown to olive green. The hind wings are deep yellow in color with a glossy deep black and broad band. The individual forms with differently colored forewings are designated as follows:

  • greenish forewings = f. virescens Tutt.
  • dark olive green fore wings = f. solani F.
  • reddish forewings = f. rufa Tutt.
  • brown forewings = f. brunnea Tutt.
  • blackish forewings = f. obscura Lenz

The top and bottom of the abdomen are colored yellow.

The egg is flattened at the base, almost hemispherical. It measures 0.4 to 0.5 mm in height and 0.7 to 0.75 mm in diameter. It is greenish in color. The surface of the upper two thirds of the egg is covered with 35 clearly defined longitudinal ribs, 11 of which extend to the micropyl region. They are crossed by significantly finer, dense transverse ribs.

The caterpillar is up to 55 millimeters long. The color of the caterpillar varies from yellowish-brown to brown to reddish-brown. The back line is light and relatively narrow; in the posterior segments lined with bright spots. A transverse, brightly lined black spot is formed on the 12th segment. The black spots behind the stigmas are typical .

The relatively short pupa is red-brown. It has a cremaster with two long thorns.

Similar species

The housemother ( Noctua pronuba ) has only a narrow black band in contrast to the Bunter Bandeule. Noctua tirrenica Biebinger, Speidel & Hanigk, 1983 is on average slightly larger, on average slightly lighter and on the upper side of the hind wing the black band is slightly straighter than in N. fimbriata . In N. fimbriata the black field on the underside of the fore wing is larger than in N. tirrhenica ; it extends from vein 1 to the dorsum, while in N. tirrhenica the field between vein 1 to the dorsum is yellowish.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species is widespread in Europe. In the south the distribution area extends to southern Italy, southern Spain and the Balkan Peninsula, in the north to southern Scotland and southern Scandinavia and then across Russia to the Urals . In the east it extends over Asia Minor , the Caucasus region to Turkmenistan and Siberia ( Novosibirsk ). The species is also known as a migratory butterfly and can therefore also be found far outside of its actual habitat.

The species prefers to live on warm slopes, mixed forest edges, heaths and in parklands. In southern Europe the species rises up to 2000 meters (according to Forster and Wohlfahrt up to 2500 meters). The course of the southern area boundary is assumed to be on the Mediterranean Sea , which has so far not been adequately researched due to its similarity to Noctua tirrenica .

Way of life

The species forms one generation per year, the moths of which fly very extensively from June to September. Individual moths can also be found at the end of May or can still fly in October. The nocturnal moths come to artificial light sources and bait . The moths take a summer break in hot summers. A female can lay up to 2500 eggs. The caterpillars appear in September, they overwinter and continue to develop in May of the following year. They feed on various herbaceous plants and deciduous trees:

The caterpillars often climb several meters high in bushes and trees. In the 19th century it was even reported to have harmful effects in vineyards. The caterpillars pupate in the earth.

Danger

The Colorful Bandeule is common almost everywhere and is not endangered in Germany.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Red Lists at Science4you
  2. ↑ a b Fibiger (1993: pp. 74–76)
  3. ↑ Manfred Koch : We identify butterflies. Volume 3: Owls. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1972, DNB 760072930 .
  4. ↑ a b Dolinskaya & Geryak (2010: p. 20)
  5. ↑ a b c Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 35/6)
  6. ↑ Heiko Bellmann : The new Kosmos butterfly guide. Butterflies, caterpillars and forage plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-440-09330-1 .
  7. ↑ Axel Steiner in Steiner & Ebert (1998: pp. 372–375)
  8. ^ Bergmann (1954: pp. 234–236)

literature

  • Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 4/1: Owls. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1954, DNB 450378373 .
  • IV Dolinskaya, Yu. A. Geryak: The Chorionic Sculpture of the Eggs of Some Noctuinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from Ukraine. Vestnik zoologii, 44 (5): 421-432, 2010 doi : 10.2478 / v10058-010-0028-4
  • Michael Fibiger: Noctuidae Europaeae, Volume 2 Noctuinae II. Entomological Press, Sorø, 1993, ISBN 87-89430-02-6
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
  • Axel Steiner and Günter Ebert: The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 7, Nachtfalter V (Owls (Noctuidae) 3rd part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3500-0

Web links

Commons : Bunte Bandeule  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files