Common squid

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Common squid
Common squid caught off Belgium. Length of the coat 13.8 cm, width 3.9 cm. Laboratory photo of the living animal

Common squid caught off Belgium. Length of the coat 13.8 cm, width 3.9 cm. Laboratory photo of the living animal

Systematics
Subclass : Octopus (coleoidea)
Superordinate : Ten-armed squid (Decabrachia)
Order : Squids (Teuthida)
Family : Closing eyes squid (Loliginidae)
Genre : Loligo
Type : Common squid
Scientific name
Loligo vulgaris
Lamarck , 1798

The common squid ( Loligo vulgaris ) is a species of squid (Coleoidea) from the Loliginida family . Including the tentacles , adult animals can reach a length of up to 50 centimeters and a weight of up to 1.5 kilograms. This species is moderately common in the coastal waters of the eastern North Atlantic from the North Sea to West Africa and the Mediterranean Sea including the entire Adriatic . The squid reaches its greatest distribution at depths of up to about 100 m and more, but it also penetrates to depths of 400 to 500 m. Occasionally it reaches the southwestern Baltic Sea.
In some publications, the nominate form Loligo vulgaris vulgaris is contrasted with a second subspecies Loligo vulgaris reynaudi .

features

The length of the coat is usually around 20 cm, but can also reach up to 40 cm, with the males being larger than the females. The streamlined body, colored on the back in gray to red tones, is comparatively slim and tapers towards the back. It has paired, horizontal, relatively large side fins, which are arranged approximately over the length of the last two thirds of the mantle and together form a shape inscribed in a diamond.

The species lives freely swimming or inhabits different sea beds such as sandy and muddy bottoms. The common squid mainly or exclusively eats fish, but can also prey on crabs , other cephalopods, as well as many bristles and arrow worms . Cannibalism also occurs occasionally .

Reproduction

  • Spawn

  • Spawning preparation

  • embryo

  • embryo

  • Young animal about 6 mm long. Laboratory photo

In its northern distribution area, in the North Sea, it only comes seasonally in early spring in larger groups to spawn after dark . The animals stay there until midsummer. The clutches consist of several elongated, sausage-shaped sub-units of eggs surrounded by a transparent medium and are attached to stable substrates at depths of up to about 30 m . These can be parts of the sea floor, such as rock, as well as parts of living beings such as the calcareous shells of other molluscs, dead organic material or the like. Several animals prefer to collect their spawn at a common place.

The larvae are morphologically similar to the adult specimens , but differ in the proportions of the body parts from them. They are less than 1 cm tall when hatching around June. The time it takes for the embryos to develop before hatching varies, depending on the temperature, from about 20-30 days at over 20 ° C to about 40-50 days at below 15 ° C.

Economical meaning

The common squid is part of the human diet, particularly in European Mediterranean countries, and is therefore commercially caught and used in the corresponding distribution area. Because of the increased formation of swarms, the animals are comparatively easy to catch in large numbers and the utilization is therefore relatively economical.

supporting documents

  1. ↑ a b Gamulin-Brida, H., Ilijanić, V. (1972) Contribution àla connaissance des Cephalopodes de l'Adriatique. Acta Adriat., 14 (6): 3-12.
  2. ↑ Grubišić, F. (1982) Ribe, rakovi i školjke Jadrana. Liburnija - Naprijed, Rijeka - Zagreb, 239 pp.
  3. ↑ a b Grzimeks Tierleben, Kindler Verlag 1971, Volume 3 “Mollusks and Echinoderms”, pp. 188, 206
  4. ↑ a b c Urania Tierreich, Urania Verlag 1993, volume "Invertebrates 1", p. 603
  5. ↑ a b c http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/Lvulgar.php Roper CFE, Sweeney MJ and Nauen CE 1984. FAO Species Catalog. Vol 3. Cephalopods of the world.
  6. ↑ Jardas, I. (1996) Jadranska ihtiofauna. Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 536 pp
  7. ↑ a b c Relini, G., Bertrand, J., Zamboni, A. (eds.) (1999) Synthesis of the knowledge on bottom fishery resources in Central Mediterranean (Italy and Corsica). Biol. Mar. Medit., 6 (suppl. 1).
  8. ↑ http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id134561/
  9. ↑ https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=557249
  10. ↑ a b http://www.faoadriamed.org/html/Species/LoligoVulgaris.html United Nations
  11. ↑ Casali, G. Manfrin Piccinetti, S. Soro, (1998) Distribuzione di cefalopodi in Alto e Medio Adriatico. Biol. Mar. Medit., 5 (2): 307-318 pp.

Web links

Commons : Common Squid ( Loligo vulgaris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files