Dock green ram
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Dock green ram ( Adscita statices ) |
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| Adscita statices | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The Adscita Statices ( Adscita statices ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of burnet (Zygaenidae) and is also called Sorrel Grünwidderchen or occasionally as Common Grünwidderchen called because it is the most common type of this family. Behind this is a species complex of two very closely related populations, whose taxonomic (and nomenclature) status (species → subspecies → a single variable species) still needs to be clarified.
features
The fore wing length is 12.0 to 15.5 millimeters in the male and 11.5 to 13.5 millimeters in the female. The head, antennae, thorax, legs and abdomen are shiny green, the thorax occasionally shimmering blue-green. The forewings are broad with a distinct hemline and less shiny, mostly blue-green, sometimes green to yellow-green. The fringes are blackish gray. The hind wings are moderate, broad with a somewhat trimmed edge, slightly transparent, blackish gray and brightened towards the base. The underside of both pairs of wings is gray.
The eggs are oval, light yellow and are laid in groups of 20 to 40 eggs on the underside of the host plant.
The caterpillar is greenish white, yellowish or reddish on the back, reddish brown on the sides, with lateral stripes.
The pupa is pale brown and lies in a whitish, thin cocoon near the earth.
Similar species
- Sunflower green ram , Adscita geryon
- Knapweed green ram , Jordanita globulariae
distribution
The species is widespread throughout Central Europe including northern Spain, England and Scandinavia to western Siberia and the main ridge of the Alps. The animals are found on both moist meadows and dry heathland areas. In the mountains they can be found up to an altitude of about 1500 meters.
Way of life
The moths are diurnal, but rarely fly in cloudy weather. The foraging flight on flowers usually ends in the early afternoon, the mating flight begins about three hours before the onset of dusk. After hatching from the egg, the caterpillars initially live mining until overwintering. Then they prefer to feed on the leaves of the common sorrel ( Rumex acetosa ). They live from August, overwinter and pupate in May of the following year.
Systematics
The dock green ram occurs in two ecotypes with different habitats and different flight times. Reichl divided the ecotypes of the green ram into two types, namely the “ dry grass type ” statices and the “ wet meadow type ” heuseri . However, there are no genital morphological differences. Regarding the antennae, heuseri has about 32 to 36 antennae , while statices are 38 to 45. The flight times are also different: heuseri flies in May / June on moist meadow areas, while statices flies in sandy (dry) areas in July / August. According to the different flight times, the flower food is also different: heuseri sucks and rests almost exclusively on the flowers of the cuckoo's light carnation (Lychnis flos-cuculi), while statices prefer to eat mountain sand bells (Jasione montana), spiked speedwell (Veronica spicata) and the beach - Shrimp (Armeria elongata) sucks. Tarmann found that the caterpillars of statices and heuseri are completely the same in all stages and confirmed that there is not the slightest genital difference. Fiedler and Nässig take the view that, in the case of the two taxa statices and heuseri, the ecological vicariance should be taxonomically expressed by classifying both taxa as subspecies or "minor species".
Synonyms
- Procris statices
- Ino statices
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Manfred Koch : We identify butterflies. Volume 2: Bears, Spinners, Swarmers and Drills in Germany. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Radebeul / Berlin 1964, DNB 452481929 .
- ↑ JJ de Freina: The Bombyces and Sphinges of the West Palaearctic. Volume 3. Zygaenoidea: Zygaenidae. EFW Edition Research & Science Verlag GmbH, Munich, 2001, ISBN 3-926285-03-6
- ^ W. Forster, TA Wohlfahrt: Spinner and Schwärmer. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, 1960
- ↑ Hans-Josef Weidemann, Jochen Köhler: Moths. Weirdos and hawkers. Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89440-128-1 .
- ↑ Günter Ebert (Ed.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 3, Moth I (Root Borers (Hepialidae), Wood Borers (Cossidae), Ram (Zygaenidae), Snail Moth (Limacodidae), Sack Bearer (Psychidae), Window Spot (Thyrididae)), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1993. ISBN 3-8001-3472-1
literature
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 3, Moth I (Root Borers (Hepialidae), Wood Borers (Cossidae), Ram (Zygaenidae), Snail Moth (Limacodidae), Sack Bearer (Psychidae), Window Spot (Thyrididae)), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1993. ISBN 3-8001-3472-1 .
- Hans-Josef Weidemann, Jochen Köhler: Moths. Weirdos and hawkers. Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89440-128-1 .
