Gennaro Ciaburri

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Gennaro Ciaburri (born July 7, 1881 in Cerreto Sannita , † April 16, 1970 in Bologna ) was an Italian bacteriologist and general practitioner .

Life

Gennaro Ciaburri studied medicine at the University of Zurich under Ferdinand Sauerbruch and then at the University of Bologna , from which he also received a Dr. med. received his doctorate. As an assistant in the chemical-clinical laboratory of the Ospedale Maggiore , the main hospital of Bologna at the time, he dealt with chemical, bacteriological and serological problems. After he had to give up his position as senior physician and his chair in bacteriology at the same institute because he had refused to join the fascist party, Ciaburri worked as a general practitioner in Bologna.

Even as a student, Gennaro Ciaburri was confronted with animal experiments (then: vivisection ). In his book La Vivisezione , published in 1930, he systematically analyzed animal experiments that were carried out in his time and in the centuries before (Oriental schools - Greece - Rome - Middle Ages - 18th – 19th centuries - now). In doing so, he tried by means of numerous comparisons to explain why, in his view, animal experiments were repeatedly misleading, while the important discoveries in the field of medicine were made through research methods related to humans. In the clinic, according to Ciaburri's central point of view, "the seeds of science are constantly accumulating, while the vivisectors only accumulate animal corpses". In his comparisons, Ciaburri repeatedly highlights the working method and research results of the Italian clinician Augusto Murri as exemplary.

In addition to the writings of the physicians Lawson Tait , Ludwig Fliegel and Ernst Grysanowski , La Vivisezione is one of the early publications that examined animal experiments primarily in a method-critical manner . The fact that Ciaburri reproduced drastic descriptions from the respective original works unfiltered in his analyzes, including some pain experiments by Paolo Mantegazza or attempts by the physiologist Friedrich Goltz , who could keep brained dogs alive for a maximum of 18 months, increased the influence of the book on the antivivisectionist movement and led to a parliamentary discussion in Italy and to a more restrictive law (legge 924/1931) on the handling of laboratory animals, which was passed by Benito Mussolini on June 12, 1931.

In 1933, La Vivisezione was published under the title Die Vivisektion by Carl Reissner Verlag in Germany, where it played a major role in the current debate. The foreword was written by the Hamburg doctor and writer Hans Much .

“One would like to turn biological science into mathematical science on an experimental basis. So we are told: This and that has been proven experimentally, and one would therefore like to lead us to believe that such a conclusion is mathematically proven. Now, however, this direction in the biological sciences, and above all in medicine, has not only given us no means at all to clarify any important problems, but has rather been successful, in the spirit of the students of medical science, the inclination to be weakened for observation and reflection. It was believed that the ordeal of a poor dog or cat could solve a particular question. But as soon as this appeared in the sick person, in whom the same condition turned out to be the same at first glance, but in reality it was not, since the same was even accompanied by circumstances that were not foreseen in the experimental act, the whole thing was recognized Deceptive such an experiment. "

- Gennaro Ciaburri : The Vivisection (1933)

For several decades, Gennaro Ciaburri was the head of the anti-animal testing association Unione Antivivisezionista Italiana (UAI), which he founded in 1929, and editor of its bulletins Scienza e Coscienza. He was also co-president of the world coalition against vivisection founded in Geneva in 1955 . Ciaburri, who was also active in the Italian vegetarian movement, was a speaker at international medical and animal welfare congresses until old age.

La Vivisezione was published again in Italy in 1956, this time under the title La sperimentazione animale (German: Der Tierversuch ).

Works

  • Come si cura il raffreddore . Murri, Bologna 1928.
  • Medicina d'urgenza . Cappelli, Bologna 1930.
  • La vivisezione . Bocca, Torino 1930.
    • German: Vivisection - with a foreword by Hans Much. Carl Reissner Verlag, Dresden 1933.
  • Il Cane . Bologna 1940.
  • La sperimentazione animale. Storia della vivisezione . Guanda, Bologna 1956.
  • Manualetto teorico pratico sul metabolismo basale . Guanda, Bologna 1956.
  • La cucina vegetariana . Sperling e Kupfer, Milano 1965.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Arianna Ferrari: Genmaus & Co - Genetically Modified Animals in Biomedicine. Note 21. Harald Fischer Verlag, Erlangen 2008, ISBN 978-3-89131-418-0 , p. 371.
  2. ↑ Gennaro Ciaburri: Vivisection - Animal experiments over the centuries. Foreword by Max Keller. New edition. ATRA / AG STG, August 1993, p. 6.
  3. ↑ Gennaro Ciaburri: The Vivisection. Carl Reissner Verlag, Dresden 1933, p. 161.
  4. ^ Lawson Tait: The uselessness of the animal vivisection as a scientific research method. Publishing house of the International Association for Combating Scientific Animal Torture, Dresden 1883.
  5. ↑ Gennaro Ciaburri: The Vivisection. Carl Reissner Verlag, Dresden 1933, pp. 129-131.
  6. ↑ Paolo Mantegazza: Physiology of Pain. Paggio, Florence 1880.
  7. ↑ Gennaro Ciaburri: The Vivisection. Carl Reissner Verlag, Dresden 1933, pp. 81–86.
  8. ↑ Friedrich Goltz: About the functions of the cerebrum. Collected Treatises. Published by Emil Strauss, Bonn 1881.
  9. ↑ Arianna Ferrari: Genmaus & Co - Genetically Modified Animals in Biomedicine. Note 22. Harald Fischer Verlag, Erlangen 2008, ISBN 978-3-89131-418-0 , p. 372.
  10. ↑ Gennaro Ciaburri: The Vivisection. Foreword by Dr. Julius Ammer. Carl Reissner Verlag, Dresden 1933, p. 11.
  11. ↑ Pietro Croce : Animal Experimentation or Science: A Choice. Book publisher CIVIS Publications, Massagno, 1988, ISBN 3-905280-05-7 , p. 111 (Italian first edition: Vivisezione O Scienza: Una Scelta ).
  12. ↑ Arianna Ferrari: Genmaus & Co - Genetically Modified Animals in Biomedicine. Harald Fischer Verlag, Erlangen 2008, ISBN 978-3-89131-418-0 , p. 203.
  13. ↑ Gennaro Ciaburri: The Vivisection. Carl Reissner Verlag, Dresden 1933, p. 231.
  14. ↑ Hans Ruesch : The forgers of science. 4th edition. Hirthammer Verlag GmbH, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-921288-53-3 , p. 69.
personal data
SURNAME Ciaburri, Gennaro
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian bacteriologist, natural scientist and general practitioner
DATE OF BIRTH July 7, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Cerreto Sannita
DATE OF DEATH April 16, 1970
Place of death Bologna