Georgi Apollonowitsch Gapon
Georgy Gapon ( Russian Георгий Аполлонович Гапон * February 5 jul. / 17th February 1870 greg. In Beliki near Poltava , † March 28 jul. / 10. April 1906 greg. In Oserki in Saint Petersburg ) was a priest who played an important role in the Russian Revolution of 1905 .
The Russian Orthodox priest came from a Jewish-Ukrainian peasant family. He converted to Christianity early on. He worked in the labor movement as well as a prison chaplain and called in 1903 with government approval, the Assembly of Russian Factory Workers in St. Petersburg from this life, but quickly from the secret police Okhrana was infiltrated. The movement benefited from the failure of an attempt to establish a state union and the disbanding of the organization. The Gapon movement grew in size and radicalized over time, and broad political demands were made. Gapon himself believed in the holy covenant between the tsar and the people and invoked the myth of the "good tsar", who helps the people when they are in need and turns to them with their problems. During the Russo-Japanese War , the protests against the tsarist rule also increased in Petersburg and escalated on the so-called Petersburg Bloody Sunday of January 9th July. / January 22, 1905 greg. . After violent strikes by tens of thousands of workers for their demands, Gapon, encouraged by the size of the protest, had drawn up a submissive petition to be presented to the tsar. Despite the order to the priest to cancel the march and warnings from the authorities, the march took place. Although it was peaceful, the palace guards of the Winter Palace opened fire on the gathering, which had even carried pictures of the Tsar in a processional fashion, killing several hundred demonstrators. Gapon was able to save himself and then excommunicated the tsar, but then had to leave the country, where he made contact with socialist groups in exile. After the October Manifesto was issued , he returned to Russia .
After he had confessed to his companion Pinchas Ruthenberg that he was an agent provocateur of the Ochrana , he was hanged by three hired murderers in a hut near Oserki at the behest of the Socialist Revolutionary Party . One of the masterminds behind Gapon's murder was Yevno Asef , who was later to be exposed as an agent provocateur of the Ochrana.
Web links
- Literature by and about Georgi Apollonowitsch Gapon in the catalog of the German National Library
- Article Georgi Apollonowitsch Gapon in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Orlando Figes: Russia. The tragedy of a people. Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8270-1275-3 , pp. 189ff.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Gapon, Georgi Apollonowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Гапон, Георгий Аполлонович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian priest |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 17, 1870 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Beliki near Poltava |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 10, 1906 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |