Gerhard Lehmann (philosopher)

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Gerhard Lehmann (born July 10, 1900 in Berlin ; † April 18, 1987 there ) was a German philosopher and important Kant researcher who was committed to National Socialism .

Life

Lehmann comes from a family of craftsmen. His father died in a boiler explosion in his factory in 1913. The family was able to support themselves from the property left behind. Lehmann was released from military service in 1918 due to illness and began studying chemistry in Berlin after graduating from high school . At the same time he heard philosophy. In the post-war period Lehmann was a member of the “Society for Individualistic Culture (Stirnerbund) ” and was in close contact with the individual anarchist , Jewish publicist and philosopher Anselm Ruest (d. I. Ernst Samuel). After the pre-examination for training as a food technician, he worked as a trainee at the Food Inspection Office of the Berlin Chamber of Agriculture . His dissertation on "The reduction of Individualitätskonstante and their epistemological and metaphysical recovery" in 1921 by Ernst Troeltsch and Eduard Spranger with magna cum laude evaluated. After the family's money had been devalued by inflation , he worked as a translator and at the de Gruyter publishing house . There he edited Kant's "opus postumum" for the academy edition . He received a salary first from the publishing house and from 1930 from the Prussian Academy of Sciences . From 1934 he also worked on volumes XX and XXIII (preliminary work and additions to the pamphlets). In 1937 the two volumes of the opus postumum were published.

Lehmann's habilitation project on the “Principles of Mass Sociology”, which he had submitted to Greifswald on Spranger's advice and in which he wanted to draw a sociological portrait of the Nazi movement, he broke off on the advice of his supervisor Günther Jacoby after he feared political conflicts. Attempts from 1935 to get an assistant position in Berlin failed despite support from Alfred Baeumler to Spranger, who initially insisted on completing the work on the academy edition. In August 1937 he accompanied Hans Heyse at the suggestion of Baeumler as a reporter to the 9th International Congress of Philosophy in Paris . In order to give German philosophy more international recognition, he recommended in his report “that it is absolutely necessary, in the national interest, to consciously make Kant studies and the Kant society an instrument of German cultural propaganda and that the only way to do this is through the non-state German cultural centers can go. ”In 1938 Lehman made another attempt at his habilitation with the subject“ Kant's legacy and the criticism of judgment ”. In order to secure the support of Baeumler, who, like his supervisor Walter Schulze-Soelde, was skeptical about Lehmann's commitment, he published several articles in an aggressive and combative style from 1937 onwards. a. Spranger's pedagogy criticized. In December 1939, his teaching sample was finally accepted and, with Baeumler's support, he received a teaching position from April 1940. Despite this close relationship, Lehmann was not invited to the Rosenberg Office's Philosophical Working Group. Anti-Jewish views permeate Lehmann's work “The Influence of Judaism on Contemporary French Thinking” (Berlin 1940). In his overview “The German Philosophy of the Present” (Stuttgart 1943) he described Alfred Rosenberg's “ The Myth of the 20th Century ” as “a work that far surpassed the field of technical philosophy and contemporary history”. After the end of the war, Lehmann continued his work on the Kant studies and in Kant research.

In 1970 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

Fonts

Selection:

  • About the setting "constant of individuality" and their epistemological-metaphysical utilization. An investigation into the nature of the individual . Emil Ebering, Berlin 1922.
  • Psychology of Self Awareness. An introduction to the I philosophy . Rösl, Munich 1923
  • The basic problems of natural philosophy. A methodical consideration . Walter Seifert, Stuttgart / Heilbronn 1923
  • About uniqueness and individuality . Meiner, Leipzig 1926.
  • The collective consciousness. Systematic and historical-critical preliminary studies in sociology . Junker and Dünnhaupt , Berlin 1928.
  • History of Post-Kantian Philosophy. Berlin. Criticism u. critical motive in the philosophical systems of the 19th and 20th centuries 20th century . Junker and Dünnhaupt, Berlin 1931.
  • The Influence of Judaism on Contemporary French Thinking . Junker and Dünnhaupt, Berlin 1940.
  • The German philosophy of the present . Alfred Kröner, Stuttgart 1943.
  • 19th century philosophy . 2 volumes. "History of Philosophy", Volumes VIII, IX, de Gruyter, Berlin 1953. (Göschen Collection No. 571/709)
  • Kant's doctrine of property . Treatises of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin . Class for philosophy, history, political science, law and economics. Born 1956 No. 1. Akademie-Verlag Berlin 1956.
  • Philosophy in the first third of the 20th century . 2 volumes. "History of Philosophy", Volumes X, XI, de Gruyter, Berlin 1957/1960. (Göschen Collection No. 845/850)
  • Contributions to the history and interpretation of Kant's philosophy . de Gruyter, Berlin 1969
  • Kant's virtues. New contributions to the history and interpretation of Kant's philosophy . de Gruyter, Berlin 1980.

literature

  • Wolfgang G. Bayerer: Character as Politicum (private printing, see the presentation) in: Information Philosophy 4, Oct. 1990, 61f
  • Norbert Hinske: Problems of the Kant edition. Reply to Gerhard Lehmann and Burkhard Tuschling , Journal for Philosophical Research, Vol. 22, H. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1968), pp. 408-423
  • Wolfgang Ritzel: Gerhard Lehmann - on July 10, 1980 . In: Kant Studies, Vol. 71 (1980), pp. 346–351
  • Wolfgang Ritzel: Gerhard Lehmann in memory. July 10, 1900 - April 18, 1987 . In: Kant Studies, Vol. 79 (1988), pp. 133-139

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The biographical information can be found in Christian Tilitzki : The German University Philosophy in the Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich, Academy, Berlin 2002, 705–710.
  2. ↑ quoted from: George Leaman, Gerd Simon: The Kant Studies in the Third Reich , published in Kant Studies 85, 1994, 443–469 (pdf page 12; 254 kB)
  3. ^ Gerhard Lehmann: The German philosophy of the present. Kröner, Stuttgart 1943, IX
  4. ↑ In the Soviet occupation zone , Lehmann's writings The Influence of Judaism on Contemporary French Thinking (Junker and Dünnhaupt, Berlin 1940); all foreign-language editions ( online ) and The German Philosophy of the Present ( Kröner , Stuttgart 1944) have been placed on the list of literature to be sorted out ( online ).
  5. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 147.
personal data
SURNAME Lehmann, Gerhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher, Kant researcher
DATE OF BIRTH July 10, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH April 18, 1987
Place of death Berlin