History of the Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden

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History of the Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden

Land division in 1597

Following the 1597 land division of Appenzell developed Innerrhoden the developments in Europe and the other cantons to a partial context authoritarian state . The powers of the direct democratic decisive rural community were circumcised, and some influential families moved to power in the canton itself, in the form of the Privy Council, who possessed an unlimited term of office and in some cases even enacted laws (which today only either the rural community or an elected Parliament entitled ) as well as judicial functions (today only in the judiciary ). The Landammann also received a very large amount of power .

In 1598 they joined the alliance of the federal Catholic towns with Spain, which was previously the main cause of the conflict between the two half-cantons as a result of the division of land.

Helvetic

In 1798, Switzerland was occupied by French revolutionary troops. In May, the Landsgemeinde reluctantly approved the new Helvetic constitution. Innerrhoden was merged with Ausserrhoden and parts of the canton of St. Gallen to form the new canton of Säntis through the new centralized Swiss constitution . In autumn 1798 the Innerrhodians protested against the new Helvetic constitution, according to which French and Helvetic troops occupied the capital Appenzell; the same happened in autumn 1799. In 1801 Napoleon decreed a few easing of the occupation regime and the canton of Säntis was renamed the canton of Appenzell. With Napoleon's mediation act of 1803, Innerrhoden, like the other cantons, regained its old borders; the cantons in general were given sovereign sovereign rights again, but still remained under French suzerainty.

Mediation time

During the mediation period , after the fall of Napoleon in 1814, the Landsgemeinde rejected the new federal treaty and approved the first independently enacted cantonal constitution. However, this largely restored the old, official order. In May 1815 the federal treaty, which was also drafted in the spirit of the old order, was approved after guarantees of cantonal independence had been received. In response to pressure from opposition circles, the conservatively designed constitution of 1829 was modified to the extent that individual citizens were again allowed to submit applications to the rural community as they were before the authorities. However, there were still virtually no fundamental rights such as freedom of establishment or freedom of trade.

Sonderbund War

During the Sonderbund period in 1847/1848, Innerrhoden showed no interest in establishing a federal state ; Centralization and suppression of the Catholic faith were rejected. In the civil war of 1847 over the new federal constitution, Innerrhoden declared itself neutral due to its small size and spatial isolation.

Time of the modern Swiss federal state

It was not until 1870, with a large lag behind most of the other cantons, that the canton, under pressure from the Confederation, initiated a total revision of the cantonal constitution from the Restoration period; the revision was passed in 1872 at the Landsgemeinde. For example, torture was not abolished until 1870.

The canton's industrialization began late, around 1870, with a focus on the embroidery industry. From the end of the 19th century there was an upswing in tourism.

The women's suffrage led Inner Rhodes with very very late one, it was the Canton by 1990 Federal Court decision forced on (so-called women's suffrage-decision ). This measure was followed by a comprehensive reform of the institutions: in 1995 the professional ethics committee (executive) left the grand council (legislative), and the governor (district president) ceased to be president of the grand council at the same time. In 1998 the courts were reorganized; the current court organization law dates from 2010. A reform of the local administration (districts), however, failed in 2013 due to the rural community.

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