Shiny grass tussock owl

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Shiny grass tussock owl
Apamea unanimis - Small clouded brindle - Полевая совка грязно-бурая (43838282632) .jpg

Glossy grass tussock owl ( Apamea unanimis )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Owl butterfly (Noctuidae)
Subfamily : Xyleninae
Genre : Apamea
Type : Shiny grass tussock owl
Scientific name
Apamea unanimis
( Huebner , 1813)

The glossy grass tufted owl ( Apamea unanimis ), sometimes also called the shoreline glossy grass owl or stubble owl, is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the owl butterflies (Noctuidae).

features

butterfly

The wingspan of the moth is 29 to 38 millimeters. The basic color of the upper forewing varies from light brown to dark brown-gray. A black root welt and the kidney and ring flaws usually stand out indistinctly. The kidney defect is partly yellowish or whitish. The middle field is darkened and strongly constricted on the inner edge by the outer transverse line. The upper side of the hind wing is monochrome, light gray-brown and provided with a dark discoidal spot .

Caterpillar

Adult caterpillars are reddish, clay-yellow to yellow-brown in color. They show yellow-white back and side back lines as well as a light side stripe, from which the black spiracles stand out. The head capsule, pronotum and anus are brownish.

Similar species

The moths of the field meadow tufted owl ( Apamea anceps ) are on average larger and overall lighter in color. They also lack the black root welt. The two-colored tufted owl ( Apamea illyria ) differs through the wider and darker middle field on the upper side of the forewing .

distribution and habitat

Reed grass, the main caterpillar food plant of the caterpillar

The distribution of the species extends through Europe and northern Asia to the Amur . In the Alps, it rises to around 1500 meters. A first moth was detected in North America in 1991, likely due to accidental introduction by plants. Since then, the species has continued to spread to southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States . The glossy grass tufted owl prefers to colonize the bank zones of flowing and standing waters and is also native to river valleys, floodplain, quarry and bog forests, in fens and on the edge of gravel pits.

Way of life

The moths are crepuscular and nocturnal. They fly in one generation from early May to early July. The moths visit artificial light sources and bait . They have also been observed sucking on flowering grasses. The caterpillars live mainly from July, overwinter and pupate in April of the following year. Pupation takes place in a loose web between moss and parts of plants, stems lying on the ground, furthermore in loose alluvial sand, between damp leaves, in peat debris or rotten wood as well as under the sward at the foot of boulders, behind loose tree bark or in stubble. During the day, the caterpillars rest in the rolled up leaves of their food grasses and in the vegetation. At night they climb the grass to eat. They feed on the stalks of various grasses , primarily reed-grass ( Phalaris arundinacea ). Occasionally the caterpillars have also been found on reeds ( Phragmites australis ).

Danger

The canary grass Grasbüscheleule has a close connection to wetlands is widespread in Germany in different population density is in Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg before many and is not in danger there, but applies in other states as "endangered" and in North Rhine-Westphalia " on the warning list ”.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 4/2: Owls. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1954, pp. 627-630
  2. ^ A b Karl Cleve: The butterflies of West Berlin , Berliner Naturschutzblätter, Volksbund Naturschutz e. V., Volume 21, No. 60, 1977, p. 272
  3. ^ Alberto Zilli, László Ronkay, Michael Fibiger: Apameini. In: WG Tremewan (Ed.): Noctuidae Europaeae. 1st edition. Volume 8. Entomological Press, Sorø 2005, ISBN 87-89430-09-3 , p. 127
  4. ^ A b Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 , p. 129
  5. ↑ Markku Savela: distribution. In: Lepidoptera and some other life forms. Retrieved January 12, 2020 .
  6. ↑ a b c Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. 1st edition. Volume 6. Moths IV. Noctuidae 2nd part. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1997, ISBN 3-8001-3482-9 , pp. 597-599
  7. ↑ Kauri Mikkola & J. Donald Lafontaine: RECENT INTRODUCTIONS OF RIPARIAN NOCTUID MOTHS FROM THE PALAEARCTIC REGION TO NORTH AMERICA, WITH THE FIRST REPORT OF APAMEA UNANIMIS (HUBNER) (NOCTUIDAE: AMPHIPYRINAE , 48 ) ( Journal of the Society) , 1994, pp. 121-127 [1]
  8. ↑ Ernst and Herta Urbahn: The butterflies of Pomerania. Entomological Association in Stettin 100th year 1939
  9. ↑ Manfred Koch: We identify butterflies. Volume 3: Owls. 2nd, expanded edition. , Neumann Verlag, Leipzig / Radebeul, 1972, pp. 170/171
  10. ↑ Occurrence and endangerment in Germany

literature

  • Alberto Zilli, László Ronkay, Michael Fibiger: Apameini. In: WG Tremewan (Ed.): Noctuidae Europaeae. 1st edition. Volume 8. Entomological Press, Sorø 2005, ISBN 87-89430-09-3
  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. 1st edition. Volume 6. Moths IV. Noctuidae 2nd part. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1997, ISBN 3-8001-3482-9
  • Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5

Web links

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