Glass leaf hoppers
| Glass leaf hoppers | ||||||||||
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Glory Glasflügelzikade ( Hyalesthes obsoletus ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Cixiidae | ||||||||||
| Spinola , 1839 |
The glass-winged cicadas (Cixiidae) are a family of pointed-head cicadas that is widespread worldwide , within which they represent one of the most species-rich families with over 2100 species from over 150 genera. In Europe there are 149 species in 21 genera, of which 34 species in 10 genera occur in Central Europe and 20 species in 7 genera in Germany. Some glass-winged leaf hoppers are known to be the vector of plant diseases (e.g. the hyalesthes obsoletus on grapevines in Central Europe or Haplaxius crudus on palm trees in the Caribbean).
features
The representatives of the family are of "medium" size, their body lengths are between 3 and 11 millimeters. The wings are mostly transparent, which is what the German family name refers to. Many species have bumps on their wing veins, known as tubercles .
Way of life
The larvae live underground and suckle on roots, while the adult animals mostly live above ground on grasses, herbs, trees and bushes. In near-surface cave systems (e.g. on Hawaii , the Canary Islands, the Azores and in southern Italy) there are also unpigmented, often blind, permanently underground species.
Systematics
The family of glass leaf hoppers includes the three subfamilies Borystheninae, Bothriocerinae and Cixiinae. The latter is divided into 15 tribes. In Europe only representatives of the Cixiinae occur.
Species in Central Europe (selection)
- Foehren-Glasflügelzikade ( Apartus Michalki )
- Alpine glass-winged cicada ( Cixius alpestris )
- Spruce leaf cicada ( Cixius beieri )
- Cambrian leaf cicada ( Cixius cambricus )
- Bush-winged cicada ( Cixius cunicularius )
- Wood-winged cicada ( Cixius distinguendus )
- Grove-winged cicada ( Cixius dubius )
- Rhododendron leaf hoppers ( Cixius heydenii )
- Common leaf hoppers ( Cixius nervosus )
- Peat- leaf hoppers ( Cixius similis )
- Thorn- leaf hoppers ( Cixius simplex )
- French leaf cicada ( Cixius sticticus )
- Trug-winged cicada ( Cixius stigmaticus )
- Southern glass leaf cicada ( Cixius wagneri )
- Elm Glasflügelzikade ( Hyalesthes luteipes )
- Glory Glasflügelzikade ( Hyalesthes obsoletus )
- Greek leaf cicada ( Hyalesthes philesakis )
- Willow-winged cicada ( Myndus musivus )
- Gravel bank glass leaf cicada ( Pentastiridius beieri )
- Reed-winged cicada ( Pentastiridius leporinus )
- Eastern cicada ( Reptalus cuspidatus )
- Rose-winged cicada ( Reptalus panzeri )
- Awl -winged cicada ( Reptalus quinquecostatus )
- Fur- leaf cicada ( Tachycixius pilosus )
- Striped leaf hoppers ( Tachycixius venustulus )
- White leaf hoppers ( Trigonocranus emmeae )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cixiidae in Fauna Europaea , as of March 2, 2015.
- ^ WE Holzinger: Provisional directory of the cicadas of Central Europe (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha); Preliminary checklist of the Auchenorrhyncha (leafhoppers, planthoppers, froghoppers, treehoppers, cicadas) of Central Europe , Stand 2003 ( [1] ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 122 kB), accessed on May 8, 2007
- ↑ Herbert Nickel and Reinhard Remane: List of species of cicadas in Germany, with information on nutrient plants, food breadth, life cycle, area and endangerment (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha). Contributions to the cicada, 5, pp. 27–64, 2002 full text (PDF, German; 234 kB)
literature
- WE Holzinger, I. Kammerlander & H. Nickel: The Auchenorrhyncha of Central Europe - Die Zikaden Mitteleuropas. Volume 1: Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha excl. Cicadellidae. - Brill, Leiden 2003, ISBN 90-04-12895-6 .
- LB O'Brien: The Wild Wonderful World of Fulgoromorpha. - Denisia 4, pp. 83-102, 2002, ISBN 3-85474-077-8 .
- AF Emeljanov: Contribution to classification and phylogeny of the family Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha). - Denisia 4: 103-112, 2002, ISBN 3-85474-077-8 .
- WE Holzinger, AF Emeljanov & I. Kammerlander: The Family Cixiidae Spinola, 1839 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) - a Review. - Denisia 4: 113-138, 2002, ISBN 3-85474-077-8 .
