Glass frogs

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Glass frogs
Teratohyla spinosa, in amplexus

Teratohyla spinosa , in amplexus

Systematics
Superclass : Jaw mouths (Gnathostomata)
Row : Land vertebrates (Tetrapoda)
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Family : Glass frogs
Scientific name
Centrolenidae
Taylor , 1951

The glass frogs (Centrolenidae) form a family of New World frogs that live in tropical rainforests between southern Mexico in the north and Bolivia , southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina in the south.

features

The glass frogs differ anatomically from all other frog families by an overgrown heel bone. On the top they are usually green in color, while on the underside they have a transparent skin, so that the heart, the digestive system and the maturing eggs can be seen from the outside. With the exception of the gecko glass frog ( Centrolene geckoideum ), which is up to eight centimeters long, glass frogs usually remain smaller than three centimeters; some even reach a body length of only 1.5 centimeters. They look similar to tree frogs and, like these, have adhesive discs on the ends of their limbs that enable them to climb. Their often very large, strongly protruding and forward-facing eyes with horizontally slit pupils are striking.

Reproduction

Worldwide distribution of the family Centrolenidae

The females of some species lay their eggs, which are often green in color, on leaves that hang over streams and rivers. After hatching, the tadpoles fall into the water, where they usually live hidden on the bottom.

Taxonomy

Vitreorana uranoscopa , transparent underside (even the eyeballs stand out as bright points through the skin of the throat!)

Around 150 species are currently differentiated. The system of glass frogs has not yet been adequately clarified. An extensive revision was only carried out in 2009, in which, among other things, seven genera were newly established, so that currently around 12 genera can be assumed. The leaf toad ( Allophryne ruthveni ) is considered to be the sister taxon of the Centrolenidae and belongs to its own family, Allophrynidae .

(Processing status: April 2015)

Subfamily Centroleninae Taylor, 1951

  • Genus Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
  • Genus Nymphargus Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid, 2007
  • Tribe Cochranellini Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada & Vilà, 2009 (before 2009 all genera of the tribe were combined in the genus Cochranella )
    • Genus Chimerella Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada & Vilà, 2009
    • Genus Cochranella Taylor, 1951
    • Genus Espadarana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada & Vilà, 2009
    • Genus Rulyrana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada & Vilà, 2009
    • Genus Sachatamia Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada & Vilà, 2009
    • Genus Teratohyla Taylor, 1951
    • Genus Vitreorana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada & Vilà, 2009

Subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada & Vilà, 2009

The name of the subfamily, the typical genus of which is Hyalinobatrachium , should actually be Hyalinobatrachiinae (with a double i), but the incorrect spelling is retained according to Article 29.4 of the ICZN .

  • Centrolene antioquiense

  • Centrolene buckleyi

  • Centrolene paezorum

  • Centrolene quindianum

  • Centrolene savagei
    with clutch

  • Cochranella euknemos

  • Espadarana prosoblepon in amplexus

  • Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum
    next to a     clutch of eggs

  • Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni

  • Nymphargus rosada

  • Rulyrana susatamai

  • Sachatamia ilex

  • Sachatamia punctulata

  • Teratohyla midas

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Juan Guayasamin, Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher, Linda Trueb , José Ayarzagüena, Marco Rada & Carles Vilà :: Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa, 2100, 1–97, Magnolia Press, Auckland, May 2009 ISBN 978-1-86977-354-0 (Online edition) ( PDF, Engl. )
  2. ↑ Darrel R. Frost: Centrolenidae , Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference, Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, 1998-2015, accessed April 24, 2015

Web links

Commons : Glass Frogs  - Collection of images, videos and audio files