Goëtie

Goëtie is a term for magical practices that are viewed as unnatural, forbidden or diabolical and contrasted with theurgy . The term is particularly known in connection with the Ars Goetia font .

The term is used for conjuring demons and as especially reprehensible magic, but is defined differently: According to Hans Biedermann, it describes "primarily necromancy or necromancy , but also in a more general sense the conjuring of demonic beings with the help of ' blasphemous ' rites", while Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa of Nettesheim the ceremonial divided into Goetia and necromancy and A. Debay Goetia and black magic equates. Georg Pictorius assigns the Goëtie, among other things, the necromancy, the anthropomanty , in which the future is read from the bowels of sacrificed people , the Leconomantie (conquering a demon with exorcised water) and "prophecy from the trembling, sinking or gaping of the earth" ( Geomancy ), fire ( pyromancy ), air ( aeromancy ), the lines of the hand ( chiromancy ) or the flight of birds ( auspices ).

The Neoplatonists attached great importance to the separation between theurgy and goetie; Iamblichos von Chalkis emphasized that one should “in no way confuse the illusions produced by the Goetic techniques with the extremely clear vision of the gods”. While theurgy works with good spirits, the goetie conjures up evil spirits; theurgy is valued as a higher and goëtie as a lower form of magic.

Opponents of magic, such as Augustine of Hippo , however, tend to demonize both equally, since they are "both entangled in the deceitful customs of the falsely called angels demons"; for them theurgy and goety differ only in their names.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Goëtie . In: Hans Biedermann (Ed.): Handlexikon der Magischen Künste . From late antiquity to the 19th century. 2nd, improved and significantly increased edition. Academic printing and Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1973, ISBN 3-201-00844-3 , p. 203 .
↑ Jerome Alley: Vindiciae Christianæ: A Comparative Estimate of the Genius and Temper of the Greek, the Roman, the Hindu, the Mahometan, and the Christian Religions . T. Cadell, London 1826, p. 661 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).
↑ Agrippa von Nettesheim : About the questionability, even nullity of the sciences, arts and trade . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-05-001930-1 , pp. 90 ( limited preview in the Google book search [accessed on May 18, 2012] Latin: De incertitude et vanitate scientiarum . Translated by Gerhard Güpner).
^ A. Debay: Histoire des sciences occultes . Depuis l'antiquité jusqu'a nos jours. 2nd Edition. E. Dentu, Paris 1869, p. 30 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ Georg Pictor : From the genera of the ceremonial magic, which one calls Goetie . In: J. Scheible (Ed.): The monastery. Worldly and spiritually . Mostly from the older German folk, wonder, curiosity and preferably comic literature. On the history of culture and morals in words and pictures. tape 3 . Stuttgart / Leipzig 1846, p. 615–626 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).
↑ Karl Prümm SJ: Religious history manual for the area of the early Christian environment . Hellenistic-Roman intellectual currents and cults with consideration of the individual life of the provinces. Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome 1954, p. 378 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).
↑ Peter Busch: The Testament of Solomon . The oldest Christian demonology, annotated and in first German translation. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-11-018528-7 , p. 206 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).
↑ Karl Prümm SJ: Religious history manual for the area of the early Christian environment . Hellenistic-Roman intellectual currents and cults with consideration of the individual life of the provinces. Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome 1954, p. 95 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).
↑ Karl Prümm SJ: Religious history manual for the area of the early Christian environment . Hellenistic-Roman intellectual currents and cults with consideration of the individual life of the provinces. Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome 1954, p. 381 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed on May 18, 2012] Anastatic reprint).
↑ Bernd-Christian Otto: Magic . Reception and discourse history analyzes from antiquity to modern times (= attempts at religious history and preliminary work . Volume 57 ). Walter de Gruyter, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-025420-4 , ISSN 0939-2580 , p. 331 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).
^ Wilhelm Gottlieb Soldan: History of the witch trials . Illustrated from the sources. Verlag der JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1843, p. 62 f., 167 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed on May 18, 2012]).

[biedermann-s203-1] Goëtie . In: Hans Biedermann (Ed.): Handlexikon der Magischen Künste . From late antiquity to the 19th century. 2nd, improved and significantly increased edition. Academic printing and Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1973, ISBN 3-201-00844-3 , p. 203 .

[2] Jerome Alley: Vindiciae Christianæ: A Comparative Estimate of the Genius and Temper of the Greek, the Roman, the Hindu, the Mahometan, and the Christian Religions . T. Cadell, London 1826, p. 661 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).

[3] Agrippa von Nettesheim : About the questionability, even nullity of the sciences, arts and trade . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-05-001930-1 , pp. 90 ( limited preview in the Google book search [accessed on May 18, 2012] Latin: De incertitude et vanitate scientiarum . Translated by Gerhard Güpner).

[4] A. Debay: Histoire des sciences occultes . Depuis l'antiquité jusqu'a nos jours. 2nd Edition. E. Dentu, Paris 1869, p. 30 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[5] Georg Pictor : From the genera of the ceremonial magic, which one calls Goetie . In: J. Scheible (Ed.): The monastery. Worldly and spiritually . Mostly from the older German folk, wonder, curiosity and preferably comic literature. On the history of culture and morals in words and pictures. tape 3 . Stuttgart / Leipzig 1846, p. 615–626 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).

[6] Karl Prümm SJ: Religious history manual for the area of the early Christian environment . Hellenistic-Roman intellectual currents and cults with consideration of the individual life of the provinces. Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome 1954, p. 378 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).

[7] Peter Busch: The Testament of Solomon . The oldest Christian demonology, annotated and in first German translation. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-11-018528-7 , p. 206 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).

[8] Karl Prümm SJ: Religious history manual for the area of the early Christian environment . Hellenistic-Roman intellectual currents and cults with consideration of the individual life of the provinces. Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome 1954, p. 95 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).

[9] Karl Prümm SJ: Religious history manual for the area of the early Christian environment . Hellenistic-Roman intellectual currents and cults with consideration of the individual life of the provinces. Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome 1954, p. 381 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed on May 18, 2012] Anastatic reprint).

[10] Bernd-Christian Otto: Magic . Reception and discourse history analyzes from antiquity to modern times (= attempts at religious history and preliminary work . Volume 57 ). Walter de Gruyter, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-025420-4 , ISSN 0939-2580 , p. 331 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 18, 2012]).

[11] Wilhelm Gottlieb Soldan: History of the witch trials . Illustrated from the sources. Verlag der JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1843, p. 62 f., 167 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed on May 18, 2012]).