Green coniferous herring blubber
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Green coniferous herring blubber ( Russula clavipes ) R. xerampelina var. Elaeodes from: G. Bresadola: "Iconographia Mycologica" |
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| Russula clavipes | ||||||||||||
| Velen. |
The green coniferous herring deafness ( Russula clavipes ) is a type of mushroom from the family of deafness relatives (Russulaceae). It is a medium-sized herring stump from the Elaeodes group with a predominantly olive-green colored hat. The Täubling grows in coniferous forests near spruce and pine. The very rare and often difficult to distinguish from similar species, the deafbling is edible.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 4–9 cm wide, initially almost hemispherical, then arched and slightly depressed in the middle. The hat color is evenly olive green to olive brown, the middle is mostly darker to almost olive black, towards the edge the blubber can sometimes be more pink. The edge is slightly rounded, smooth and sometimes briefly bumpy and grooved with age. The surface is smooth, a bit sticky, later rather matt and fine-grained, but not frosted.
The lamellas are almost crowded and mixed with individual shorter ones. They are light butter yellow and gradually tan, especially with age. The spore powder is pale ocher in color ( IIIa – IIIb according to Romagnesi ).
The white, cylindrical stem 4–6 cm long and 1–2 cm wide is more or less widened at the base (up to 4 cm wide at the base) and fleshy. The surface is smooth and slightly longitudinally grooved.
The whitish meat tastes mild and smells typically herring-like, at least with age. With iron sulfate , the stalk turns green.
Microscopic features
The ovoid to ellipsoidal spores are 7.2–10.0 (10.5) µm long and 6.0–8.5 (9.0) µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.19 (± 0.11). The spore ornament consists of low, 0.6-0.7 (0.8) µm high, loosely arranged, frustoconical spines that stand close together. Occasionally they can merge a little and be connected via disordered, mostly fine connections, not infrequently there are also individual, closed meshes locally.
Species delimitation
The green herring fever is very difficult to distinguish from one another, even by experts. Particularly similar are the predominantly green herring pigeons, which Romagnesi and Bon summarized under the name Russula elaoedes , as well as the olive brown herring pigeon ( R. cicatricata ). The latter has a predominantly isolated, spore ornament and occurs on rather calcareous soils under deciduous trees. In addition, the epicuteal hyphae usually have thickened limbs in the shape of an ampoule.
The green deciduous forest herring pigeon ( R. schaefferi ) has, like the green coniferous herring pigeon, a predominantly burr-like to partially reticulated spore ornament, which is, however, thorn-like and frustoconical. The hyphae of the hat skin are divided into shorter, often branched sections. The epicuteal hyphae, thickened in the shape of an ampoule, do not appear to be found in this deaf.
The pale gray-green herring dusting ( R. pseudoolivascens ) occurs in the deciduous forest. Its spores are frustoconical and partially ornamented with fine lines. The hat skin hyphae consist of predominantly long-thread and only rarely branched sections.
Ecology and diffusion
The deafbling is a mycorrhizal fungus that forms a symbiotic partnership with conifers. Spruce and pine serve as hosts. Little is known about the distribution area of the rare Taubing. According to Kärcher, there are some indications that the green coniferous forest herring-deafening occurs predominantly in the hills and mountains of the (sub) continental zone of Central Europe and that it is possibly missing in the Atlantic area of influence. In his Russula monograph, Singer mentions Trentino, Bavaria and Czechoslovakia as the distribution area. It was also found in the four Scandinavian countries and is quite common at least in Sweden and Norway.
Systematics
The green coniferous forest herring pigeon was raised to a species by Velenovský in 1920 under the name Russula clavipes . The basionym of the species is the variety Russala xerampelina var. Fusca Quél in the sense of Melzer and Zvára. Kärcher names as synonyms Russala xerampelina var. Olivascens Fr. in the sense of Melzer and Zvára and Bresadolas R. xerampelina var. Elaeodes . G. Bresadola had renamed the variety R. xerampelina var. Olivascens in order to clearly differentiate it from R. olivascens Fr. The species attribute ( epithet ) " clavipes " is derived from the Latin words " clava " (club) and " pes " (foot) and could be translated as "club handle".
Inquiry systematics
At Bon, who puts all coniferous herring pigeons in their own subsection, the pigeon is in the Viridantinae (Melzer & Zvara) Konrad & Josserand subsection , which in turn is in the Viridantes Melzer & Zvara section. The typical characteristics are browning meat, the smell of crab or herring (at least in old age) and a greenish iron sulfate reaction.
meaning
Like all herring pigeons, the green coniferous herring pigeon is edible.
swell
- R. Kärcher: Contributions to the knowledge of the mushrooms of Central Europe, part 3 . What is Russula elaeodes? In: Contributions to the knowledge of the mushrooms of Central Europe . tape 10 , 1996, pp. 65-78 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Velen .: synonyms of Russula clavipes . In: České Houby . tape 1 , 1920, p. 143 ( speciesfungorum.org [accessed July 11, 2016]).
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed on September 10, 2012 .
- ^ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula clavipes. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 10, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula clavipes. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved September 10, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula silvestris. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved February 6, 2016 .
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula clavipes. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 10, 2012 .
- ^ Rolf Singer : Monograph of the genus Russula . In: A. Pascher (Ed.): Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt . tape 49 , 1932, pp. 332 ( bibdigital.rjb.csic.es ).
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges: clava . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 1201 ( zeno.org ).
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges: pes . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 1201 ( zeno.org ).
Web links
- Russula clavipes. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Archived from the original on September 6, 2004 ; accessed on June 9, 2012 (English, photos).
