Bonus crisis

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Gratification crisis describes a model postulated by Johannes Siegrist of the development of illness due to insufficient compensation for services rendered.

model

According to the model of the gratification crisis, a person falls ill when he or she has spent a lot of time and is not adequately compensated for it. If one's own commitment (e.g. in the form of commitment, knowledge, time, identification, performance and personality) is not compensated for by appropriate rewards (e.g. in the form of employment appropriate to training, fair wages, job security, further training, career and influence opportunities), then arise thereby the illness potential called “gratification crisis”.

Research and application

The book Work World and Stress-Related Diseases , published by Johannes Siegrist in 2015, provides a comprehensive overview of international studies on the possible effects of professional bonus crises on the health of employees. The model is measured using a psychometrically tested questionnaire that is available in many languages.

The model is mainly applied to the world of work. This particularly affects employees in professions that only require low qualifications. They spend a lot of money, but receive only minor social rewards such as money or prestige. The prevention of bonus crises is therefore also an aspect of corporate health management . Siegrist cites a dependency due to a lack of alternative perspectives on the labor market, a strategic decision with the aim of improving future career opportunities, or an excessive tendency to spend as a motivation-related pattern of excessive willingness to perform as reasons why those concerned have to accept professional gratification crises over longer periods of time .

Health consequences

Bonus crises are a strong psychological burden . According to Siegerist, this leads to the development of mental and psychosomatic illnesses.

The model of the bonus crisis can also be applied to non-professional situations. Thus, single mothers often affected. This group of people is rewarded with little money or prestige by society, despite their exertion. In fact, single mothers belong to the group of people who are most likely to develop mental illnesses. In addition, this sociological model has been applied to other forms of useful service provided where the lack of proper recognition is detrimental to health, such as: B. Nursing or volunteering.

People in the bonus crisis are less health-conscious than other people. The bonus crisis promotes stress drinking and smoking. It can be shown that people from the lower class smoke far more frequently than people from other classes. Helmert and others attribute this to the gratification crisis.

There are a number of diseases that are more common in the lower class than the middle or upper class. These include cardiovascular diseases , most types of cancer , liver diseases, diabetes mellitus, as well as mental and addictive diseases. This is attributed, among other things, to bonus crises.

Studies show that the imbalance between exercise and reward can be linked to certain biomarkers .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johannes Siegrist: The world of work and stress-related illnesses. Research evidence and preventive measures. Munich: Elsevier 2015.
  2. Effort-reward imbalance questionnaires. ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the web archive archive.today ) at: uniklinik-duesseldorf.de
  3. Johannes Siegrist : The motivation for healthy behavior in the company . In: H. Kowalski (Ed.): Strengthening personal health skills in the company . Haarfeld, Essen 2007, ISBN   978-3-7747-1678  ( defective ) , p. 61-78 .
  4. ^ Johannes Siegrist: The world of work and stress-related illnesses. Research evidence and preventive measures. Elsevier, Munich 2015.
  5. ^ S. Sperlich, S. Arnhold-Kerri, J. Siegrist, S. Geyer: The mismatch between high effort and low reward in household and family work predicts impaired health among mothers. In: European Journal of Public Health . 23, 2013, pp. 893-898.
  6. ^ Johannes Siegrist: The world of work and stress-related illnesses. Research evidence and preventive measures. Elsevier, Munich 2015.
  7. ^ Johannes Siegrist: The world of work and stress-related illnesses. Research evidence and preventive measures. Elsevier, Munich 2015.
  8. a b Helmert et al. (Ed.): Do the poor have to die earlier? Juventa, Weinheim / Munich 2000, ISBN 3-7799-1192-2 .
  9. Smoking and Social Inequality - Consequences for Tobacco Control Policy. ( Memento from July 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) tabakkontrolle.de
  10. A. Mielck (Ed.): Illness and social inequality. Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2012, ISBN 978-3-322-95905-8 ; J. Winkler, H. Stolzenberg: The social class index in the Federal Health Survey. Health Care 61.Special Issue 2, 1999.
  11. ^ J. Siegrist, J. Li: Work Stress and Altered Biomarkers: A Synthesis of Findings Based on the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model . In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health . tape 14 , no. November 11 , 2017, doi : 10.3390 / ijerph14111373 , PMID 29125555 , PMC 5708012 (free full text).