Gravitomagnetism

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As gravitomagnetic field or gravitomagnetism (also Gravitoelektromagnetismus, abbreviated GEM ) may be in the general relativity theory (ART) those portions of the gravitational field (i. E. The curvature of the space-time ) indicated that no by mass or energy density , but by mass or energy flows caused become.

The name is based on a formal similarity between the linearized equations of GTR and the Maxwell equations of electromagnetism , i.e. This means that there is a formal analogy between moving masses and moving charges - this similarity, however, only exists in the approximation of weak fields ( weak field approximation ) and non- relativistic velocities. Gravitomagnetism has nothing to do with magnetism in the sense of classical electrodynamics .

By gravitomagnetism inter alia is lense-Thirring effect caused, which causes a rotating mass from rotating the space-time around them and thereby twisted . Josef Lense and Hans Thirring derived this effect, which is difficult to prove (because it is very small), from the general theory of relativity. The satellite- based experiment Gravity Probe B attempted to demonstrate the effect experimentally. The data, which were recorded in 2004/2005, provided the expected confirmation of the general theory of relativity after a lengthy evaluation that lasted until 2011 .

The idea was first published by Oliver Heaviside in 1893 , even before the theories of relativity were published.

literature

  • John Archibald Wheeler : A Journey into Gravity and Spacetime. Scientific American Library, New York 1990, ISBN 0-7167-5016-3 ; Pp. 232–233: "Gravity's next prize - Gravitomagnetism".
  • Bahram Mashhoon : Gravitoelectromagnetism: a Brief Review . November 8, 2003, arxiv : gr-qc / 0311030 . An up-to-date introduction to GEM from a leading expert.
  • Domenico Giulini: Cosmic tops: inertial systems and gravitomagnetism . In: Physics in our time , 4/2004, pages 160–167, doi: 10.1002 / piuz.200401042
  • Bernhard Wagner: Gravitoelectromagnetism and Lense-Thirring Effect . Dipl.-Arb., University of Graz, 2002
  • Remo Ruffini , Costantino Sigismondi: Nonlinear Gravitodynamics - The Lense – Thirring Effect: A documentary introduction to current research. World Scientific, Singapore 2003, ISBN 978-981-238-347-1
  • Ignazio Ciufolini: Dragging of Inertial Frames, Gravitomagnetism, and Mach's Principle. In: Mach's Principle: From Newton's Bucket to Quantum Gravity . Birkhäuser, Boston 1995, ISBN 0-8176-3823-7 , pp. 386-402

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