Marginal risk

The risk limit ( english limiting risk ) is the largest, barely acceptable risk of a risk object .

General

Risks are omnipresent in everyday life. Your risk takers ( private individuals , companies , the state with its subdivisions) must first recognize these risks within the framework of risk perception , subject them to a risk analysis and subsequent risk assessment , in order to then assess them with their goals ( personal goals for private individuals, corporate goals for companies and national goals for states ) to confront. If the risks are too high in relation to the goals, the risk takers have to deal with the risks . This is done specifically through risk avoidance , risk reduction , risk compensation , risk diversification , risk transfer or risk provisioning .

The limit risk is determined by laws and regulations , e.g. B. by specifying limit or guide values .

Acceptable marginal risk

If these measures cannot or should not completely eliminate the existing risk, the marginal risk remains. Limit risk is the generally accepted dangers of a technical condition , event or process . Necessary risk management leads to the marginal risk, further risk management to the residual risk . The residual risk is therefore always smaller than the marginal risk. If, on the other hand, the existing risk is greater than the acceptable limit risk, there is a danger.

Since, for example, a certain fire risk can not be ruled out in any building , a risk that is still acceptable must be defined as a limit value or limit risk for each building in order to be able to determine fire safety for a building in its specific use . Accordingly, there is always sufficient fire safety if the existing risk does not exceed the limit risk that is still to be accepted.

economic aspects

A risk is accepted if the combination of the probability of occurrence and the severity of the damage appears bearable to the risk taker. If the risk assessment shows that the remaining residual risk is greater than the greatest justifiable limit risk, a further risk reduction must be carried out. According to DIN 31004 (1982-11, Part 1), technical safety is only present if the risk is less than the greatest, still acceptable, system-specific risk of a process or condition (limit risk). If the existing risk is greater than the limit risk , there is a risk : ${\displaystyle R_{e}}$ ${\displaystyle R_{G}}$ ${\displaystyle G}$

${\displaystyle G=R_{e}>R_{G}}$,

Security is accordingly in place, if ${\displaystyle S}$

${\displaystyle S=R_{e}<R_{G}}$.

Technically and economically, security only begins below the limit risk and is highest when there is no longer any risk.

The remaining marginal risk must be acceptable and acceptable for the risk taker, the risk-bearing capacity must not be impaired. The justifiability of risks depends on the risk attitude of the risk taker. While the risk taker is ready to accept higher marginal risks, the risk averse tends to lower marginal risks.

Demarcation

A risk that can no longer be ruled out by technical measures is referred to as residual risk .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Norbert Hochheimer, Das kleine QM-Lexikon , 2011, p. 105
2. ↑ Konrad Reif, Automobilelektronik , 2009, p. 260
3. ↑ Heinz Olenik / Karl-Heinz Malzahn, Safety lighting systems , 1998, p. 1
4. ↑ Ulf-Jürgen Werner, Structural Fire Protection: Planning - Dimensioning - Execution , 2004, p. 285
5. ↑ Gerald Zickert, electrical construction , 2019, o. P.
6. ^ Walter Masing, Sicherheit , in: Heinz M. Hiersig (Ed.), VDI-Lexikon Maschinenbau, Volume II, 1995, p. 1111