Bulk buyers
Bulk buyers (or large customers ; English largescale consumers ) is an indefinite legal term used to describe customers who demand a market volume that is well above the average demand volume of other customers of the same provider .
General
The term is difficult to define. In any case, large buyers develop a volume of demand that goes far beyond the purchase quantity of a normal consumer ("small buyer" of household-appropriate quantities). The specialist literature on the electricity industry in particular deals with this customer category. These are customers whose needs of electrical energy is so great that they own for power generation should be discounted. Whether someone is considered to be a large or small customer at the electricity company also depends on the size of the company . The smaller a plant is, the more likely someone is to be considered a bulk buyer. In 1910, RWE AG defined the bulk buyer as a customer who achieved at least 50,000 kWh of annual electricity consumption ; today, the minimum consumption quantities are often 100,000 kWh. The average electricity consumption per capita in Germany in 2011 was 7,000 kWh.
species
Wholesale and retail , canteens , large companies , restaurants , hospitals , retirement homes or other large kitchens are particularly suitable as bulk buyers .
Bargaining power
Because of the volume in demand, bulk buyers have bargaining power , they can influence market prices and benefit from volume discounts or special tariffs . This is particularly true in the energy industry ( electricity , gas , water ). A municipal water supply company is only allowed to adjust the water price for the bulk buyer as for the normal consumer according to the corresponding utility value of the service (per m³ of water) and not according to the different high costs . In this branch of the economy , industrial or other commercial companies are usually the bulk buyers.
As bulk buyers, customers are entitled to buy at a trade fair ( Section 64 Paragraph 1 GewO ) or at the wholesale market ( Section 66 GewO). This privilege distinguishes it from private households that have no market participants may be at trade shows or on the wholesale market. In banking , bulk buyers belong to the customer category of customers with outstanding bargaining power, who are characterized by a significant decrease in performance. They also do banking transactions that small customers do not ask for and force the banks to negotiate prices. In general, the bargaining power of bulk buyers is sufficient to force suppliers to make price concessions down to their lower price limit .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Gustav Siegel, The sale of electrical work , 1917, p. 311
- ↑ Hans Birrenbach, The power supply for large customers and their influence on the profitability and tariff policy of electrical power plants , 1913, p. 33 f.
- ^ BGH, judgment of November 26, 1975, Az .: VIII ZR 164/74
- ↑ Hans-Jacob Krümmel , Bankzinsen , 1964, p. 237
