Large spore alder milkling
| Large spore alder milkling | ||||||||||||
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| Lactarius cyathuliformis | ||||||||||||
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The large-spore alder milkling ( Lactarius cyathuliformis ) is a species of fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). He is a small milkling with a more or less smooth, dull brownish hat, which has a darker, more or less olive-colored eye in the middle. It differs from the very similar olive-brown alder milkling in that it has significantly larger spores. The Milchling is associated with alder, its fruiting bodies appear from July to October.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 1.2–4.5 cm wide, at first spread out and with a curved edge, with age increasingly funnel-shaped deepened, but with a more or less distinct, permanent, blunt papilla . The surface is smooth, dry or looks slightly greasy, sometimes it is slightly field-radial-cracked. The hat color is very variable, it can be honey, isabel, cinnamon or yellowish to orange-brown. Young fruit bodies in particular have a darker, olive-gray, olive-brown or brownish 'eye' in the middle. The edge of the hat is grooved increasingly translucent with age and is often bent in a wavy manner. It can sometimes fade ocher and is more or less hygrophan with age .
The lamellas are broadly attached to the stem or run down easily. They are quite crowded or distant, are quite broad and often forked. The lamellae are initially creamy, then honey-colored, later pink-ocher to isabel- colored, the spore powder is whitish.
The more or less cylindrical stem, which often appears short in relation to the hat, is 2–5 cm long and 0.3–0.5 cm wide. It is smooth and dry, isabel-colored, cinnamon-colored, yellowish-brown or orange-brown, it is palest at the tip of the stem in young fruiting bodies.
The flesh is thin and brittle, dark pink-ocher yellow or colored like the surface. The taste is mild, the smell weak or somewhat fruity. The white to watery white, mild-tasting milk is usually sparse and turns yellow on a handkerchief, even if only slightly.
Microscopic features
The almost round to elliptical spores are on average 8.3–9.9 µm long and 7.0–7.7 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.0–1.4. The spore ornament is 0.8–1.5 µm high and consists of more or less elongated warts and ridges that are arranged in rows or connected by finer lines and form an incomplete, more or less tangled network. Closed meshes are scattered to numerous, isolated warts scattered to frequent. The hilly spot is usually inamyloid .
The cylindrical to slightly clubbed and 1–4-spore basidia are 35–50 (55) µm long and 9–12 (13) µm wide. Pleuromacrocystids are scattered or rare. They measure 45–110 × (5) 6.5–12 µm and are more or less cylindrical to narrowly fusiform and pointed at the top. The lamellar cutting edge is more or less sterile and covered with scattered to numerous cheilomacrocystids . These are 25–50 (60) µm long and 5.5–10 (11) µm wide, conical to spindle-shaped and pointed at the top and often beaked.
The 45–120 µm thick hat skin ( Pileipellis ) moves anatomically between a normal epithelium and a hymenoepithelium and consists of more or less isodiametric cells that are up to 20 (25) µm wide. The ends of the hyphae are often significantly narrower.
Species delimitation
The large- spore alder milkling can be distinguished from the olive-brown alder milkling ( L. obscuratus ) mainly by the significantly larger spores. Macroscopically, the large-pored alder milkling tends to be somewhat larger and more dull in color than the olive brown. Its olive tones are most clearly visible in the middle of the hat.
ecology
The large-spored alder milkling is one of the few types of milkling that is associated with alder. The rare Milchling can therefore be found in alder fragments, often between peat mosses. The fruiting bodies appear from July to October in moist to moderately moist places.
distribution
The exact distribution is unknown, as the Milchling is often not differentiated from closely related species. It seems to be quite common in Scandinavia and Denmark. The species is probably more widespread in Western and Central Europe, but is often not differentiated from the very similar olive-brown alder milkling.
Systematics
In 1978 Bon separated the species from the olive-brown alder milkling ( L. obscuratus ) and described it as an independent species that is now accepted by most mycologists.
Inquiry systematics
Bon and Basso place the Milchling in the Rhysocybella section , which is part of the subgenus of the same name. The representatives of the section are small, brown-capped, more or less hygrophane milklings with a usually clearly grooved edge of the hat. The milk lumps taste more or less mild and do not have a noticeable odor, even the sparse, watery white milk tastes mild and can sometimes yellow slowly and slightly. The milklings grow in predominantly moist locations and are usually associated with alders. Heilmann-Clausen places the Milchling in the Tabidi section , which in his case is in the Russularia sub-genus .
meaning
The Milchling is not an edible mushroom.
literature
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 98 .
- ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 210-211 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius cyathuliformis . In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org . Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 271-73 .
- ^ Lactarius cyathuliformis. Checklist of Non-Vascular and Vascular Plants of Slovakia. In: ibot.sav.sk. Retrieved October 21, 2012 .
- ↑ Interactive map of Lactarius cyathuliformis. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on March 4, 2012 (English). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Mushroom Distribution Atlas - Germany. In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved October 21, 2012 .
- ^ Lactarius cyathuliformis. Pilzoek database, accessed October 21, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved October 21, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b c Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 563, 615 (Italian).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 23-28 .
Web links
- Lactarius cyathuliformis. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved June 20, 2011 (English, photos and original Latin diagnosis).