Great stone graves near Dumsevitz

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Great stone graves near Dumsevitz
Great stone graves near Dumsevitz (Rügen)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 54 ° 17 '55.2 "  N , 13 ° 23' 53.3"  E
place Garz / Rügen , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany
Emergence 3500 to 2800 BC Chr.
Sprockhoff no. 479-483

The megalithic graves near Dumsevitz were at least ten megalithic graves near Dumsevitz , a district of the municipality of Garz / Rügen in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Presumably, all of the complexes were large dolmen , as almost all of the large stone graves on Rügen belong to this type. They were made between 3500 and 2800 BC. Built by members of the Neolithic funnel cup culture and at least partially between 2800 and 2200 BC. Used by members of the individual grave culture for subsequent burials . All were destroyed around 1819. Shortly before, Friedrich von Hagenow was able to carry out excavations in seven facilities. The surviving finds have been in the Stralsund Museum since 1866 .

Research history

Friedrich von Hagenow examined several graves near Dumsevitz shortly before their destruction in 1819.

The first scientific documentation of the graves was done by Friedrich von Hagenow , who had been considering an excavation for a long time, but initially hesitated because he assessed the workload as too high and the expected yield of finds as too low. When it was decided around 1819 to destroy the graves and use the large boulders as foundation stones for a barn, von Hagenow ultimately decided to investigate. Together with seven to eight helpers, he excavated seven systems in 1818/19 or 1819/20. The exact time is unclear as all dates are 1819, although the excavations stretched from December to January.

Von Hagenow initially did not publish the results of his excavations. After his death in 1866, his records and finds came into the possession of the Provincial Museum for New Western Pomerania and Rügen, today's Stralsund Museum. The records were published in 1904 by Rudolf Baier . In 1955, Hansdieter Berlekamp processed the finds .

location

Excerpt from von Hagenow's Special Charte of the island of Rügen with the location of the graves near Dumsevitz

The exact location of the graves can hardly be reconstructed, since Hagenow's descriptions of the location in his excavation report differ considerably from the information on his map. According to the excavation report, grave 1 was an unspecified stretch east of Dumsevitz in the field. Grave 2 was 80–100 paces south of this, grave 3 200 paces east of grave 1. Grave 4 was 400 paces south of this group and grave 5 1000 paces northeast. Grave 6 was close to grave 5 and grave 7 was again 400 paces away from them, the direction not being indicated.

In addition to the graves he examined, von Hagenow mentions three more, about which he does not give any details. He even has eleven signatures on his map: There are five systems very close to each other in the angle between the Beek stream and the path leading to Altkamp . A few hundred meters southwest of this, two larger signatures are entered, possibly graves 1 and 2. Further southwest, two more signatures follow close together and to the west-southwest a single signature. Further to the southwest, on the road between Schabernack and Silmenitz , another signature is drawn. Possibly it stands for a destroyed burial mound under Silvitz.

description

Grave 1

Grave 1 had a north-east-south-west oriented burial chamber with four wall stones on the south-east and five on the north-west long side. The two capping stones on the narrow sides were also still present in von Hagenow's investigation, as were three mighty capping stones. The chamber was rectangular in plan, 14-16 feet (about 4.5-5.0 m) long and 8-9 feet (about 2.6-2.9 m) wide. Hagenow of a chamber patch of red clay and small could Feuerstein -Bruchstücken notice. A pile of hills or a stone enclosure are not mentioned.

Numerous grave goods were recovered during the two-day excavation. The pottery finds include four bowls made of coarse pottery (so-called Kümmerkeramik ), a two-handled, high pot and probably other shards. However, no information is available about the pottery finds on the first day. The only stone device found was a neck ridge ax made of gray-green serpentinite with an oval shaft hole. Several arrowheads (two cross-cutters, a triangular arrowhead and a point with a detached shaft tongue), ten to twelve blades and an ax were found on fire stone tools. The blades and the triangular arrowhead are lost today. The ax was exchanged for Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching in Breslau and is now probably lost as well. In the catalog mentioned by Fund Hagenow also still axtförmige Bernstein - pearl .

Grave 2

Cup of the single grave culture from grave 2

The second complex had an east-west oriented burial chamber. Von Hagenow did not provide any information about the number of wall stones, but did mention that one had already been removed. Of the capstones, too, he could only see one that was lying overturned inside the chamber. He did not measure the system. From his memory, he assumed the length to be a maximum of 12 feet (approx. 3.9 m) and the width a maximum of 5 feet (approx. 1.6 m).

Most of the finds were discovered outside the burial chamber. Of the ceramic vessels, only a curved beaker is left. It has a toothed rack decoration divided into zones. It comes from a subsequent burial of the end neolithic individual grave culture . Another, very similar vessel and a bowl of the Kümmerkeramik are lost today. A weathered battle ax made of granite also belongs to the reburial of the individual grave culture . Two thick-bladed Lindø-type axes with a sloping neck, two hollow axes, a flat hatchet and several blades were found on flint tools. The latter are lost today.

Grave 3

Floor plan of grave 3 after von Hagenow

Grave 3 is the only one from which von Hagenow made a floor plan. It had a north-south oriented, trapezoidal or wedge-shaped megalithic bed with a length of about 40 paces (approx. 32 m). The megalithic bed was bordered by an enclosure of 28 stones, each 3 feet apart. The burial chamber stood at the north end across the barn bed in an east-west direction. It consisted of four wall stones each on the long sides, one end stone each on the narrow sides and three large cap stones. Dimensions of the chamber are not available.

Since only the eastern end of the burial chamber was examined, only a few finds could be recovered. These were ceramic shards and two flint axes, which are no longer preserved today.

Grave 4

There is no exact description of the building for grave 4. Von Hagenow only states that it was very similar to grave 1, with the difference that there was only one capstone on top of the wall stones. He also found several small stones (possibly fragments of stones that had already been blown up?). Some ceramic shards and flint blades were discovered on grave goods. Nothing of this has survived today.

Grave 5

The fifth complex was also like grave 1. The grave chamber was deep in the ground. Further building descriptions are not available. It is the only grave in Dumsevitz where skeletal remains have been discovered. These had been excavated in the absence of Hagenows and were described by him as severely fragmented. Remnants of a skull could be made out, otherwise no details are available about the bones. Ceramic shards, a narrow chisel and several flint blades as well as a double ax-shaped amber bead were found among grave goods.

Grave 6

There are no building descriptions for grave 6. Ceramic shards, fiery stone axes and blades were found among additions. The finds have not been preserved.

Grave 7

In Grave 7, too, von Hagenow only briefly describes the finds. These were ceramic shards and two flint blades.

Field finds and finds of unclear origin

In his handwritten find catalog von Hagenow mentions an arrowhead that he found in the field near Dumsevitz and a cut flint ax that was given to him. From which of the graves it came is unknown. Hansdieter Berlekamp could not clearly assign several preserved finds in the possession of the Stralsund Museum to any grave. These are two cross-edged arrowheads, a thick-nosed flint ax and a narrow chisel. The latter may come from grave 5.

literature

  • Rudolf Baier (Ed.): Prehistoric graves on Rügen and in New Western Pomerania. Friedrich von Hagenow's notes from the papers he left behind. Abel, Greifswald 1904, pp. 19–24.
  • Hans-Jürgen Beier : The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings as well as the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest. Part 2. Directory and tables (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Volume 1). Wilkau-Haßlau 1991, p. 7.
  • Hansdieter Berlekamp : The stone graves of Dumsevitz on Rügen. In: Ground monument maintenance in Mecklenburg. Yearbook 1955. 1956, pp. 36-60.
  • Friedrich von Hagenow : Special chart of the island of Rügen. Designed according to the latest measurements using all existing land maps. Lithographic Institute of the General Staff, Berlin 1829.
  • Ingeburg Nilius : The Neolithic in Mecklenburg at the time and with special consideration of the funnel cup culture (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of the districts of Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg. Volume 5). Museum for Prehistory and Early History, Schwerin 1971, pp. 94–95.
  • Ewald Schuldt : The Mecklenburg megalithic graves. Research on their architecture and function. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1972, p. 120.
  • Ernst Sprockhoff : Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 2: Mecklenburg - Brandenburg - Pomerania. Rudolf-Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1967, pp. 66-67.

Web links

Commons : Great stone graves near Dumsevitz  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hansdieter Berlekamp: The stone graves of Dumsevitz on Rügen. P. 36.
  2. ^ Rudolf Baier: Prehistoric graves on Rügen and in New Western Pomerania. P. 19; Hansdieter Berlekamp: The stone graves of Dumsevitz on Rügen. P. 36.
  3. ^ Rudolf Baier: Prehistoric graves on Rügen and in New Western Pomerania. Pp. 19-24.
  4. ^ Rudolf Baier: Prehistoric graves on Rügen and in New Western Pomerania. P. 11.
  5. ^ Friedrich von Hagenow: Special chart of the island of Rügen.
  6. ↑ Ernst Sprockhoff: Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 2: Mecklenburg - Brandenburg - Pomerania. P. 66.
  7. ^ Hansdieter Berlekamp: The stone graves of Dumsevitz on Rügen. P. 37.
  8. ^ Hansdieter Berlekamp: The stone graves of Dumsevitz on Rügen. Pp. 40-42; Ingeburg Nilius: The Neolithic in Mecklenburg at the time and with special consideration of the funnel beaker culture. P. 94.
  9. ↑ a b Ernst Sprockhoff: Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 2: Mecklenburg - Brandenburg - Pomerania. P. 67.
  10. ^ Hansdieter Berlekamp: The stone graves of Dumsevitz on Rügen. P. 38.
  11. ^ Hansdieter Berlekamp: The stone graves of Dumsevitz on Rügen. P. 42; Ingeburg Nilius: The Neolithic in Mecklenburg at the time and with special consideration of the funnel beaker culture. P. 94.
  12. ^ Hansdieter Berlekamp: The stone graves of Dumsevitz on Rügen. P. 45; Ingeburg Nilius: The Neolithic in Mecklenburg at the time and with special consideration of the funnel beaker culture. P. 94.
  13. ^ A b Rudolf Baier: Prehistoric graves on Rügen and in New Western Pomerania. P. 23; Hansdieter Berlekamp: The stone graves of Dumsevitz on Rügen. P. 39.
  14. ↑ a b c d Hansdieter Berlekamp: The stone graves of Dumsevitz on Rügen. P. 45; Ingeburg Nilius: The Neolithic in Mecklenburg at the time and with special consideration of the funnel beaker culture. P. 95.
  15. ^ Hansdieter Berlekamp: The stone graves of Dumsevitz on Rügen. P. 46.