Great stone graves near Mukran
| Great stone graves near Mukran Blocksberg | |||
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| Coordinates | 54 ° 29 '51.8 " N , 13 ° 36' 2.4" E | ||
| place | Sassnitz , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3500 to 2800 BC Chr. | ||
| Sprockhoff no. | 474 | ||
The megalithic graves near Mukran were three grave systems of the Neolithic funnel cup culture in the area of Mukran, a district of the municipality of Sassnitz in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen ( Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ), of which only one still exists today. This bears the Sprockhoff number 474.
location
The preserved grave is located about 700 m east of Mukran and almost 500 m from the coast. The site has been on the site of a golf club since 2012 . There are several other large stone graves in the vicinity. The Dwasieden large stone grave lies 700 m to the northeast and the Dubnitz large stone grave is 1.1 km to the west .
Research history
The graves were first described in 1829 by Friedrich von Hagenow , who was able to identify three more complexes in Mukran. His research was published in 1904 by Rudolf Baier . The first detailed documentation was carried out by Ernst Sprockhoff , who measured the remaining grave in 1931 and published it in his Atlas of Germany's Megalithic Tombs. During an inspection of the facility in the autumn of 1983, numerous ceramic shards as well as flint tools and chips were found on the surface. This was taken as an opportunity to carry out an excavation under the direction of Heide and Hans Großnick.
description
The preserved grave 1
The complex has an approximately 30 m long and at the highest point about 1.90–2.00 m high mound bed . It is oriented northeast-southwest and tapers to the northeast. Within a 17 m long search cut on the northwest side, the footprints of 13 surrounding stones were found. Remains of dry stone masonry made of red sandstone slabs were found in the spaces in between.
The burial chamber , which is a large dolmen, is located at the southwestern end of the megalithic bed . It is oriented southeast-northwest and is slightly trapezoidal. The width of the chamber is 2.2 m in the southeast and 1.5 m in the northwest, the length 4.2 m and the height 1.5 m. In front of the chamber is a corridor on the northwest side, which consists of two 0.8 m high stones. It is also separated from the outside and inside by two threshold stones. On the outside, the corridor was joined by two stones surrounding the megalithic bed, of which only the footprints were found. The corridor is 1.5 m long and 0.7 m wide. To the left of him, a narrow stone forms the north-western end of the chamber. On the long sides it has three pairs of wall stones and on the south-eastern narrow side a single end stone. The spaces between the wall stones are filled with dry brickwork made of red sandstone slabs, which has been preserved up to a height of 0.5 m. Of the original three capstones, only the north-western one was preserved, but fell into the interior of the chamber. It has a length of 2.10 m, a width of 1.60 m and a thickness of 0.70 m. From the other two only fragments remained, which were located both inside and outside the chamber. The word "Treasure Island" is carved into one of the pieces outside. In the course of the excavations, the capstone and the explosives were removed from the chamber and placed in front of it. The corridor and chamber have a pavement made of annealed flint grit, on which a 0.1 m thick layer of tamped clay was applied.
Only a few finds could be recovered from the burial chamber itself. This included shards of different temporal positions. Some were Neolithic, others Slavic , but modern glass and fragments of a drainage pipe were also part of it. Most of the finds come from the overburden that was deposited in front of the entrance when the chamber was cleared for new burials. This included well over 900 decorated and undecorated Neolithic pottery shards, which could be put together to make heads , bowls, bowls, double-conical vessels, flasks with funnel edges , collared bottles and baking plates , flint tools such as blades, semicircular scrapers, cross- edged arrowheads , drills, chisels and hatchets , Haircuts, amber beads and fragments of two petrified sea urchins . Furthermore, some Slavic shards were discovered that contained remains of corpse burn, which probably came from a subsequent burial.
Destroyed graves
Grave 2
Grave 2 had a grave chamber of the Großdolmen type, which was encased by a rolling stone mound.
Grave 3
Grave 3 had a grave chamber of the Großdolmen type, which was encased by a rolling stone mound.
See also
literature
- Rudolf Baier (Ed.): Prehistoric graves on Rügen and in New Western Pomerania. Friedrich von Hagenow's notes from the papers he left behind. Abel, Greifswald 1904, p. 13.
- Hans-Jürgen Beier : The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings as well as the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest. Contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe 1. Wilkau-Haßlau 1991.
- Heide Großnick, Hans Großnick, Erika Nagel: A megalithic grave near Mukran, Rügen district. In: Ground monument maintenance in Mecklenburg. Yearbook 1988. 1989, pp. 85-93.
- Friedrich von Hagenow : Special chart of the island of Rügen. Designed according to the latest measurements using all existing land maps. Lithographic Institute of the General Staff, Berlin 1829.
- Willi Lampe: The state-protected ground monuments of the Rostock district. Schwerin 1973.
- Luise Lorenz: Ceramic lifetimes and the useful life of northeast German megalithic graves. In: Martin Hinz, Johannes Müller (eds.): Settlement, trench works, large stone grave. Studies on the society, economy and environment of the funnel cup groups in northern Central Europe (= early monumentality and social differentiation. Volume 2). Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 2012, ISBN 978-3-7749-3813-7 , pp. 61–86 ( online ).
- Ewald Schuldt : The Mecklenburg megalithic graves. Research on their architecture and function. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1972.
- Ernst Sprockhoff : Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 2: Mecklenburg - Brandenburg - Pomerania. Rudolf-Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1967, p. 65.
Web links
- grosssteingraeber.de: The large stone grave Mukran near Mukran
- strahlen.org: Large stone grave "Mukran", Mukran near Sassnitz, island of Rügen
- The Megalithic Portal: Mukran giant tomb
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Ernst Sprockhoff: Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 2: Mecklenburg - Brandenburg - Pomerania. P. 65.
- ↑ The Megalithic Portal: Mukran Giant Tomb
- ↑ a b c Rudolf Baier (Ed.): Prehistoric graves on Rügen and in New Western Pomerania. Friedrich von Hagenow's notes from the papers he left behind. P. 13.
- ↑ Heide Großnick, Hans Großnick, Erika Nagel: A megalithic grave near Mukran, Rügen district. Pp. 85, 88.
- ↑ Heide Großnick, Hans Großnick, Erika Nagel: A megalithic grave near Mukran, Rügen district. Pp. 85-87.
- ↑ Heide Großnick, Hans Großnick, Erika Nagel: A megalithic grave near Mukran, Rügen district. Pp. 87-93.