Gromia

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Gromia
Gromia oviformis, illustration

Gromia oviformis , illustration

Systematics
Domain : Eukaryotes (eukaryota)
without rank: Diaphoreticks
without rank: Sar
without rank: Rhizaria
without rank: Cercozoa
Genre : Gromia
Scientific name
Gromia
Dujardin , 1835

Gromia is a genus of amoeba-like unicellular organisms that can be found in both sea and fresh water. They are closely related to the foraminifera (Foraminifera) and are probably their sister group.

features

The body of the Gromia species is ovate to irregularly lobed and can reach a size of up to 4 centimeters ( Gromia sphaerica ). Thread-like pseudopodia radiate out of an opening in the body , they branch and can also reunite ( anastomoses ). However, they differ from the pseudopodia of the foraminifera in that they do not contain any granular cytoplasm and only rarely form a network. There are several cell nuclei inside the cell .

The life cycle includes both sexually and asexually reproducing stages and motile stages with two flagella each occur.

Systematics

The genus was first described in 1835 by Félix Dujardin, the genus name refers to the shape of the cell (Greek grumaia = "small pocket"). Adl et al. 2005 classify Gromia as one of the five taxa within the Rhizaria and place them accordingly on an unnamed rank with the Foraminifera , Cercozoa and Radiolarians . On the basis of family trees determined by molecular biology, Gromia represent the sister group of the foraminifera and probably form a common taxon with them. In the work by Bass et al. However, the genus forms a group with the Haplosporida and Filoreta and is therefore placed by them as a separate class Gromiidea to the Cercozoa.

The scope of the genus can neither be clearly overlooked nor is it even approximately adequately researched. At least six other species that have not yet been formally described have been collected in the deep sea.

Some marine species are:

Freshwater species are:

literature

  • Sina M. Adl, Alastair GB Simpson, Mark A. Farmer, Robert A. Andersen, O. Roger Anderson, John A. Barta, Samual S. Bowser, Guy Bragerolle, Robert A. Fensome, Suzanne Fredericq, Timothy Y. James, Sergei Karpov, Paul Kugrens, John Krug, Christopher E. Lane, Louise A. Lewis, Jean Lodge, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Richard M. McCourt, Leonel Mendoza, Øjvind Moestrup, Sharon E. Mozley-Standridge, Thomas A. Nerad, Carol A. Shearer, Alexey V. Smirnov, Frederick W. Spiegel, Max FJR Taylor: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 52 (5), 2005; Pages 399-451. doi : 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Joseph Leidy: Freshwater Rhizopods of North America. US Geological Survey of the Territories , Vol. XII, pp. 277-295, 1879
  2. ↑ David Bass, Ema E.-Y.Chao, Sergey Nikolaev, Akinori Yabuki, Ken-ichiro Ishida, Cédric Berney, Ursula Pakzad, Claudia Wylezich, Thomas Cavalier-Smith: Phylogeny of Novel Naked Filose and Reticulose Cercozoa: Granofilosea cl.n . and Proteomyxidea Revised . Protist, 2008 doi : 10.1016 / j.protis.2008.07.002
  3. ↑ Mikhail V. Matz, Tamara M. Frank, N. Justin Marshall, Edith A. Widder, Sönke Johnsen: Giant Deep-Sea Protist Produces Bilaterian-like Traces In: Current Biology, Current Biology 18, 1-6, December 9, 2008, doi : 10.1016 / j.cub.2008.10.028