Seokguram Cave Temple and Bulguksa Temple
| Seokguram Cave Temple and Bulguksa Temple | |
|---|---|
UNESCO world heritage 
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| former main entrance to the Bulguksa Temple |
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| National territory: |
 South Korea
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| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | (i) (iv) |
| Reference No .: | 736 |
| UNESCO region : | Asia and Pacific |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 1995 (session 19) |
Seokguram Cave Temple and Bulguksa Temple is a UNESCO- listed World Heritage Site in the East Asian state of South Korea . The World Heritage Site includes the Bulguksa Temple near the city of Gyeongju in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province in southeastern South Korea and the Seokguram Grotto, which is located on a mountain near this temple .
registration
Seokguram Cave Temple and Bulguksa Temple were entered on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995 based on a resolution of the 19th session of the World Heritage Committee. With the Haeinsa Temple and the Jongmyo Shrine, it is one of the first World Heritage Sites in South Korea, which joined the World Heritage Convention in 1988.
The reason for the entry states, among other things:
The complex that [Seokguram Grotto] forms with Bulguksa Temple is an excellent example of the region's religious architecture and the material expression of the Buddhist faith.
The entry was made on the basis of criteria (i) and (iv).
(i):.
(iv): The Seokguram Grotto with its artificial cave and stone sculptures, and the associated Bulguksa Temple with its wooden architecture and stone terraces are outstanding examples of the Buddhist religious architecture that flourished in Gyeongju, the capital of the Silla Empire in the 8th century as a material expression of Buddhist belief.
To summarize the sites as a World Heritage Site, it says:
The Seokguram Grotto represents the enlightenment of the Buddha, and the Bulguksa Temple represents the Buddhist utopia taking its form in the earthly world. The two sites are closely related physically, historically and culturally, and all of their key components are contained within the boundaries of the site.
The individual cultural sites
The two cultural sites are located about 16 km southeast of the center of Gyeongju , which in the 1st millennium AD was capital of the ancient Kingdom of Silla and later of the United Silla under the name Seorabol .
Bulguksa temple complex
The Bulguksa Temple ( location ) is located at the western foot of Mount Tohamsan. Completed in 774, it comprises a series of wooden buildings built on raised stone terraces. The wooden buildings were rebuilt from 1604 after a fire during the Imjin War (1592–1598).
A two-part staircase leads to the “Gate of the Purple Fog” (Jahamun), behind which the large temple courtyard is located. In the middle stands the “Hall of Great Enlightenment” (Daeungjeon), at the back the “Hall without Words” (Museol-Jeon). There are two stone pagodas between the Jahamun Gate and the Daeungjeon Hall.
The two stairs, the two pagodas, two gilded Buddha statues and a reliquary are among the national treasures of South Korea .
Seokguram Grotto Temple
The Seokguram Grotto ( location ) is located at an altitude of about 745 m above sea level near the summit of Mount Tohamsan, southeast of this about 2 km from the Bulguksa Temple. The artificial grotto was built around an originally free-standing Buddha statue. Construction of precisely hewn granite blocks began in 751 and completed in 774.
The grotto consists of three chambers. The round main chamber with dome has a diameter between 6.58 m and 6.84 m. Here is the 3.45 m high statue of the Buddha seated on a lotus throne.
The Seokguram Grotto is also one of the national treasures of South Korea.
literature
- Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple . In: Cultural Heritage Administration of South Korea (ed.): World Heritage in Korea . 2011, p. 16–27 (English, online excerpt from Google Books ).
Web links
- Seokguram Temple and Bulguksa Temple on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Official name English Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple , French Grotte de Seokguram et temple Bulguksa , German translation according to the World Heritage List. In: www.unesco.de. German UNESCO Commission, accessed on February 11, 2017 . with adaptation of the transcription
- ↑ a b c Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed February 4, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Decision: CONF 203 VIII.C.1. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, 1995, accessed February 5, 2017 .
Heritage: Seokguram Temple and Bulguksa Temple (1995) | Haeinsa Temple - repository of the Tripitaka Koreana (1995) | Jongmyo Shrine (1995) | Changdeokgung Palace (1997) | Hwaseong Fortress (1997) | Gyeongju Historic Sites (2000) | Dolmen sites of Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa (2000) | Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty (2009) | Historic Villages of Hahoe and Yangdong (2010) | Namhansanseong Fortress (2014) | Baekje Historic Sites (2015) | Sansa, Buddhist mountain monasteries in Korea (2018) | Seowon (2019)
Natural heritage: Jeju volcanic island and lava tunnel (2007)
Map with all coordinates: