Guilherme von Linde

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Guilherme Linde (* 7. April 1870 in Uruguaiana in Rio Grande do Sul ; † after 1945 ), also known as Carlos Aleixo Frederico Guilherme Krum From Linder or Carl Axel Wilhelm Krum Linden or Carl Axel Wilhelm Krumlinde, was in Brazil active , Swedish-born, Brazilian businessman with legal and illegal machinations.

Live and act

Decauville Railway Sapucaia - Benjamin Constant

In 1902 Guilherme received a contract from Linde for the construction of the Decauville Railway Sapucaia - Benjamin Constant , but was unable to fulfill it by April 27, 1903, although the completion date was postponed twice.

In 1905, with the support of the state government, he founded bases in Maranhão and received a license to mine gold from the area between the Montes Áureos (Golden Mountains) and the right bank of the Gurupi River. He then settled in Serra da Tira-Couro (sv) in Pará . Thereby he escaped the attacks of the Urubus Indians (Ka'apor) and developed a friendly relationship with the indigenous people of Caámiranga and Itamaoari . With them he carried out trading transactions to buy gold, which they mined in the mines of this region.

However, because of the gold mines of Gurupi and Piriá, von Linde had frequent clashes with the residents of Caámiranga and Itamaoari, who were in the unused areas of the state, as early as 1906. Von Linde claimed the mines and the land in which the villages of Caámiranga and Itamaoari were located as his property using forged documents. A police investigation has therefore been launched in the municipality of Vizeu .

In 1923, Jorge Hurley , accompanied by military engineer and captain Josué Freire, inspected the mines of Gurupi and tried to show that the area did not belong to Guilherme von Linde. He accused him of maliciously trying to enlarge the size of his property. Von Linde's arguments to regain these lands and mines were successively invalidated. The land in which the villages of Caámiranga and Itamaoari were located lay on unused national territory. The mines themselves, especially those in the Montes Áureos (Golden Mountains), had been granted to Baron Wilhelm Schüch of Capanema in 1896 by Legislative Decree No. 401 for gold mining and renewed in 1898 by those of No. 609 and 610. Eventually, the argument led by von Linde about discovering the Gurupi mines was completely refuted.

According to Hurley , when Linde came to Gurupi, the natives or runaway slaves had already mined gold in the Alegre , Anel , São Pedro and other mines and established several plantations with coffee, cocoa, orange trees and other fertile plants in the neighborhood, as they eloquently and unequivocally demonstrated during the judicial inspection by the age of the trees they had planted near these deposits. These plantations were the silent witnesses who unequivocally refuted Guilherme von Linde's claim that he discovered the Gurupi mines in 1920. If his claim had been correct, the trees planted in the plantations of the mining areas would not have been able to bear fruit.

A short report in Mineração e Metalurgia mentions that Guilherme von Linde lived in 1945 in the town of Granja in the north-west of Ceará , where he probably retired after his expropriation. After that his trail is lost.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Abreu “Um Caso Gravissímo:” Quilombolas and the Gurupí Region of Pará and Maranhão before 1930.
  2. ^ Johnathan Alexander Abreu: Frontiers Beyond Abolition: Fugitive Slave Communities and Resistance in Maranhão and Pará, Brazil, 1860-1950.
  3. ^ Johnathan A. Abreu: Fugitive Slave Communities in Northern Brazil between 1880 and 1900: Territoriality, Resistance, and the Struggle for Autonomy. In: Journal of Latin American Geography, Volume 17, No. 1, April 9, 2018.
  4. ^ Augusto Montenegro: Message of the Governor of the State of Pará. Delivered to the Members of the Legislative Congress on September 7th, 1904. In: Brazilian Review. September 18 and 25, 1904. Page xv (Page 37 of the PDF file).
  5. ↑ a b Heloisa Maria Murgel Starling, Henrique Estrada Rodrigues and Marcela Telles: Utopia Agrarias. Editora UFMG, 2008. pp. 230-231
  6. ^ J. Abreu: Quilombolas and the 1930 Revolution: "sublevar contra uma tyrannia realmente inqualificável."
personal data
SURNAME Linde, Guilherme of
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Krumlinde, Carl Axel Wilhelm (Swedish spelling); Linden, Carl Axel Friedrich Wilhelm Krum von (German spelling); Linder, Carlos Aleixo Frederico Guilherme Krum Von (Brazilian spelling); Linde, William Van (American spelling)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Brazilian businessman
DATE OF BIRTH April 7, 1870
PLACE OF BIRTH Uruguaiana , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
DATE OF DEATH after 1945