Gustav Schönwald

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Gustav Schönwald (born June 28, 1868 in Berlin , † August 25, 1919 in Berlin) was a German actor , lecturer, film director , and industrial and media pioneer.

Life

In the 1880s he was an actor at the Berlin City Theater . He emerged as a pioneer of modern technical media, especially the still young "phonographic" industry: not only did he record cheerful and serious texts on wax cylinders and records as a "special humorist for the speaking machine" from around 1895 for Berlin companies , but was also active in business. He became recording manager at the “Mephisto” phonograph works and, in 1904, was one of the founders of the BEKA record company alongside Messrs Heinrich Bumb and Carl König. He was also connected to the new medium of cinematography from the start. In 1896 he was managing director of Berlin's first permanent cinema in the “Wilhelmshallen”, Unter den Linden 21. Between 1905 and 1917 he worked as a film director for various production companies in Berlin. In 1916 he directed the film opera "Martha".

In his repertoire, Schönwald depicted Germany during the imperial era at the turn of the century. His humorous scenes took place in market halls, on the train, at the regulars' table, at bike races, at the fair and at court. He was particularly taken with technical innovations such as the cinema, telephone and zeppelin. His couplets came from the milieu of dance comedians and soubrettes and also identified him as an accomplished singer and performing artist. He not only presented his own texts, but also works by other contemporary artists, such as Robert Steidl and Otto Reutter.

Schönwald, who suffered from severe nerves, spent the last years of his life in the sanatorium of James Fraenkel in Berlin-Lankwitz. He died there on August 25, 1919.

Sound documents (selection)

On Edison cylinders

  • No.15 009 in the barracks yard
  • No.15 023 the troubled house
  • No.15 061 A fun train ride
  • No.15 068 At the fair
  • No.15 184 Man, are you wearing a vest. Couplet
  • No.15 217 The mute musician in court
  • No.15 250 The Rixdorfer
  • No.15 306 The Cameroon Guard Parade (Winterling)
  • No.15 316 on the velodrome
  • No.15 365 The moorhen. Couplet (Böhme)
  • No.15 412 the bed. Couplet (Spahn)
  • No.15 553 The world is like a chicken coop (Music: Bretschneider)
  • No.15 676 If I were a cannibal '(Meinhold), Couplet
  • No.15 939 The turnip pig (Winterlé), couplet
  • No.15 946 With Zeppelin in a balloon
  • No.15 961 The Guard Lieutenant
  • No.4-15 045 The dreaming Michel (O.Reutter)
  • No.4-15 068 in the Berlin zoo
  • No.4-15 058 in the choral society
  • No.4-15 094 in the ring

On records

  • A fun train ride (with Ida Mayer): Gramophone 41 252 (mx. 3968) [7 'Gr & T]
  • Lehmann's wedding in Mulackstrasse: Grammophon 21 071 (mx. 1326 z)
  • In the Berlin Zoo (with Else Güde): Zonophone x5-21 017 (mx. 1568 from)
  • Birthday greeting: Zonophon 17 185 (mx. 14 961 L)
  • Naucke im Kientopp (TuM .: Schön): Zonophon 17 185 (mx. 14 965 L)
  • Uncle Fritz from Neuruppin (O. Reutter): Favorite 1-17 094 (mx. 339 -m-) without naming Schönwald also on: Mill Opera Record No.1284 Series 1228
  • The flood. Couplet: Favorite 1-17 155 (mx.?)
  • When my wife undresses: Couplet Favorite 1-17 156 (mx. 336 -m-) [Melody: La Maxixe, 1906]
  • The police. Couplet: Favorite 1-17 892 (mx. 12 993 -o-)
  • The gallant dentist: Favorite 1-17 893 (mx. 12 995 -o-)
  • The musical clown (music: Kollo): Odeon O-1242 (mx. Be 127)
  • The silent musician in court: Odeon O-1243 (mx. Be 128)
  • Parade review: Odeon O-1341 (mx. Be 129)
  • Well, don't do it like that! (O. Reutter) Odeon No. 34 331 (mx. Wx 728) [27cm]
  • With the zippel, with the fidget, with the zeppelin (O. Reutter): Sport Record 3205 (mx. 11 617)
  • The Hirschfeld is coming !: Couplet (O. Reutter) Alpha Record No. 3204 B [1908]
  • Block-Couplet (O. Reutter): Mill Opera Record No. 11 921
  • Landlord Klaucke collects the rent: Mill-Opera Record No. 11 923
  • Deer in the dance lesson (Dalatkiewicz): Homocord B.1479 (mx. M 1624)
  • The dear uncle: Beka Grand Record No.15 541
  • Klein Elschen's Christmas wish: Beka B.3755-II (mx. 14 594), also on parlophone P.1365 (mx. 1365) [1913]
  • Christmas presents: Polyphon Record order number 2651
  • Who wants to go under the theater: Pathé # 15 819 (mx. 66 780 RA)
  • In the zoological garden: Pathé # 14 566 (mx. 46 141 GR)
  • A student adventure: Pathé 14668 (32463 R)
  • Sparrow love: Pathé 14669 (31974 R)
  • Posaunenmüller: Zonophone Record purple 622000 (5062 1/2 L)
  • Schnadahüpfel, with various instruments: Zonophone Record purple 622001 (3054 1/2 r)

Re-releases

Re-publications have appeared on Edison cylinders from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project of the Santa Barbara University of California under the name German Comic Cylinders and on records: Das Bett, New Year's Eve in Berlin, In the Berlin Zoo, The Flood, When my wife takes off her clothes, Birthday greetings , Block couplet, Uncle Fritz from Neu-Ruppin, Oh, do that again, you have diamonds and pearls, In the zoological garden, Little Elschen's Christmas wish.

Gramofononline.hu names three recordings by Schönwald with other artists. and Trikont released the CD "Rare Shellacs - Berlin: Großstadtklänge 1908-1953" (US-0265).

Filmography (director)

  • 1905: The escape and pursuit of the robbery murderer Rudolf Hennig over the roofs of Berlin
  • 1906: How Fritzchen thinks about the Reichstag fights and new elections
  • 1907: The electrical exhibition and the magnetic cable
  • 1907: The apron regiment or the women army in battle !!
  • 1907: Through love to victory
  • 1908: Buchholzen's journey into the high mountains
  • 1908: Once and not again
  • 1908: In the wrong path of love
  • 1908: The crime of Grete Beier
  • 1915: The conductor on line 6
  • 1915: his own wife
  • 1916: Martha
  • 1917: The rabbit
  • 1917: The night of the decision

literature

  • Deutsche Lichtspiel-Oper, Becksche's Singfilm patent.
  • Stefan Gauss: Needle, groove, funnel. Cultural history of the phonograph and the gramophone in Germany. (1900-1940). Böhlau, Cologne et al. 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20185-2 , p. 224 (At the same time: Berlin, Universität der Künste, dissertation, 2007: needle, groove, funnel and the "eternal return" of sound. Phonograph and gramophone as objects of industrial mass culture in Germany between 1900 and 1940. ).
  • Berthold Leimbach (ed.): Sound documents of cabaret and their interpreters. 1898-1945. Self-published, Göttingen 1991.
  • Dominique Nasta, Didier Huvelle (Eds.): Le son en perspective. Nouvelles recherches. = New Perspectives in Sound Studies (= Repenser le cinéma = Rethinking Cinema. Vol. 1). Bruxelles et al. 2004, ISBN 90-5201-208-3 .
  • Andreas Steen: Between entertainment and revolution. Gramophones, records and the beginnings of the music industry in Shanghai. 1878-1937. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-447-05355-0 (also: Berlin, Free University, dissertation, 2003).
  • Georg Vorwerk: Christmas in the field. A “little piece of peace” in the First World War (= German Broadcasting Archive: Document of the Month. December 2005), (About a war recording by G.Schönwald. With audio sample “Gustav Schönwald: Christmas in the field”, recorded 1914).
  • Michael Wedel: The German music film. Archeology of a Genre 1914–1945. Edition Text + Criticism, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-88377-835-8 (At the same time: Amsterdam, University, dissertation, 2005: Der deutsche Musikfilm. ).
  • Friedrich von Zglinicki: The way of the film. The history of cinematography and its predecessors. With 890 illustrations. Rembrandt-Verlag, Berlin 1956.

Illustrations

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Berthold Leimbach (ed.): Sound documents of cabaret and their interpreters. 1898-1945. Self-published, Göttingen 1991.
  2. ↑ Gauss p. 47.
  3. ↑ Gauss p. 48
  4. ↑ See also Hugo Strötbaum's page recording pioneers at http://www.recordingpioneers.com via Heinrich Bumb http://www.recordingpioneers.com/RP_BUMB1.html and Carl König http://www.recordingpioneers.com/RP_KONIG1. html and Art. by Rainer E. Lotz "Phono-Karten, an industrial-archaeological journey of discovery", page 3: " ... Heinrich Bumb registered a utility model for a" speaking device in letter form ", and at the beginning of November 1904 the Bumb & Koenig Institute appeared on… “ http://www.lotz-verlag.de/Phonokarten_Schalltrichter_teil1.pdf - Also: Gauss p. 224; Steen p. 63 f. and p. 63 Note 107.
    On the company history of Beka-Record cf. Beka , and Gauss p. 48 f. and p. 51. BEKA Record AG emerged from the "Institute for Modern Inventions" founded by Heinrich Bumb in 1899 with Schönwald, cf. Gauss p. 48, note 42. On the merging of the Beka in the Lindström Group, cf. Gauss p. 82 f.
  5. ↑ Webloc archive link ( Memento from December 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) " Oskar Messter (1867–1943) takes over in the autumn of 1896 the one that was opened by Baron von Prittwitz at the end of April of that year and has been under the management of Gustav Schönwald since Whitsun that year. 'First Berlin cinema', a rented room in the Wilhelmshallen restaurant, Unter den Linden 21. “See also Zglinicki p. 312.
  6. ↑ cf. Wedel p. 80. For more film contacts from Schönwald (Josef Stein, 1876–1937) see under Josef Stein
  7. ^ "Martha", film opera based on Friedr. v. Flotow. Contributors: Mizzi Fink, Rose Sebald, Peter Lordmann , Eduard Kandl. Original music by Giuseppe Becce. Cf. http://www.imdb.de/title/tt1215887/fullcredits#cast On the then new genre of light play or film opera cf. detailed Wedel from p. 69. On the movie opera “Martha” especially p. 98.
  8. ↑ cf. Edison cast gold roller No. 15 061 A fun train ride . The scene appeared in 1902 on record [one-sided 7 'Gr & T] Gramophone 41 252 (mx. 3968).
  9. ↑ cf. Edison cast gold roller No. 15 316 On the cycling track
  10. ↑ cf. Record Odeon O-1243 (mx. Be 128) The mute musician in court (1909)
  11. ↑ cf. Edison Goldguß Roller # 15 342 On the phone . Miss Vincent and Gustav Schönwald and Edison Goldguss Roller # 15 946 With a zeppelin in a balloon . Gustav Schönwald, as well as record Zonophon 17 185 (mx. 14 965 L) Naucke im Kientopp (TuM .: Schön)
  12. ↑ cf. Recordings like Edison No. 15 184 Man, are you wearing a vest . Couplet, No. 15 365 The Moorhen . Couplet (Böhme), No. 15 412 The bed . Couplet (Spahn), No. 15 553 The world is like a chicken coop (music: Bretschneider), No. 15 676 If I were a cannibal ' (Meinhold), Couplet.
  13. ↑ "Covered" Schönwald by Reutter, partly with naming, partly without, various successful couplets: Edison Amberol roller no. 4-15 045 The dreaming Michel (O. Reutter), record Favorite 1-17 094 (mx. 339 -m-) Uncle Fritz from Neuruppin (Otto Reutter), Sport Record 11 617) With the zippel, with the fidget, with the Zeppelin (O. Reutter), Mill Opera Record No. 11 921 Series 930 Block Couplet (O. Reutter), Kalliope No. 1580 Oh, do that again. Couplet by Otto Reutter. Well, don't do it like that! (O. Reutter) Odeon No. 34 331 (mx. Wx 728) [27 cm]. He also “sung” Reutter's notorious “Hirschfeld” couplet without his or Reutter's name being mentioned on the record label (Alpha Record No. 3204 B). For the Reutter interpreters cf. Robert Ostermeyer among Reutter interpreters: Archive link ( Memento from February 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ to Medical Council Dr. med. James Fraenkel cf. Archived copy ( memento of the original dated May 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.steglitz.de
  15. ↑ http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/deutschekomische.php
  16. ↑ Gustav Schönwald at gramofononline.hu
  17. ↑ rare shellacs on trikont.de
personal data
SURNAME Schönwald, Gustav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German actor, performing artist, film director, industry and media pioneer
DATE OF BIRTH June 28, 1868
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH August 25, 1919
Place of death Berlin