Hairspray
Hairsprays make a finished hairstyle more durable. A hairspray is advantageous to hold the hairstyle in adverse weather conditions.
The hairspray works like a hair net, the ingredients can be washed out again. The non-volatile components in the hairspray are supposed to give the hair a fresh shine.
history
The hairspray was invented in 1955 and first marketed. The technical prerequisite for the hairspray was the invention of the spray can , which could atomize liquid. This technique was invented by the American Robert Abplanalp in 1953 with the one-inch valve .
The origin lies in the Flit syringe developed by Erik Rotheim in 1932 . This should serve American soldiers in the jungle war against Japan for mosquito control.
The first brand names were Wellaflex and Taft .
As a raw material for the production of Hairspray served first shellac , the secretion of the lac insect (from the first record ( shellac records were made)), mixed with perfume - oils with musk components as well as the propellants CFC (chlorofluorocarbon), which in the 1980s were very controversial because of environmental pollution . With the exception of shellac, which is still used in natural cosmetics , all components have now been replaced by other materials. Propane-butane mixtures are currently used as the propellant gas . For example, silk proteins or high-quality vegetable oils are used for shine . In the 1970s and 1980s, hairspray experienced a renaissance among punks and poppers . A similar effect can also be achieved with hair gel .
In 2005 the production of hairspray took second place in the aerosol market with 229 million doses .
Chemical ingredients
The main ingredients are polymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate in concentrations of 2 to 5%. They serve as film formers for the hair shape. The higher the concentration, the higher the degree of consolidation. On the one hand they can be washed out (hydrophilic polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone), on the other hand they are also somewhat water-repellent (due to the hydrophobic polymer polyvinyl acetate). The abbreviation VP / VA copolymer (vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl acetate) is used.
The main solvent used is ethanol, as it evaporates particularly quickly, but it can also contain water as a solvent. The propellant gases propane, butane and / or dimethyl ether also make up a large proportion.
A hairspray also contains silicone oils, which give the hair a better shine and protect the hair from UV rays. A little perfume oil (approx. 0.2%) serves to mask the odor of the other components.
Since the late 1980s, particularly strong hair film formers such as octyacrylamide and acrylates have also been used. These strong hair film formers are called hair lacquers. The hydrophilic properties of the film can be influenced with mixed polymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid .
Further areas of application
- Not suitable for fixing charcoal and chalk drawings as they may yellow or stick. There are specially made fixatives for fixing .
Precautions in handling hairsprays
The hairspray should not get in the eyes and the aerosol mist should not be inhaled. The escaping gas should not come into contact with fire. The containers are to be protected from direct sunlight and temperatures above 50 ° C.
See also
literature
- Wilfried Umbach: Cosmetics, development, manufacture and use of cosmetic products. 2nd edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1995, p. 281 ff.
- Günter Vollmer , Manfred Franz: Chemical products in everyday life. dtv-Verlag, Stuttgart 1985, p. 186.
- Claudia Wood: Polymers for hairstyles - hairsprays, setting agents & Co. In: Chemistry in our time. 36 (1) (2002), pp. 44-52, ISSN 0009-2851 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Aerosol market in Germany - record production with positive market development. (No longer available online.) Industriegemeinschaft Aerosole e. V., archived from the original on December 14, 2007 ; Retrieved October 28, 2008 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
