Hadeninae

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hadeninae
Heather colored owl (Anarta myrtilli)

Heather colored owl ( Anarta myrtilli )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Subordination : Glossata
Superfamily : Noctuoidea
Family : Owl butterfly (Noctuidae)
Subfamily : Hadeninae
Scientific name
Hadeninae
Guenée , 1837
Enterpia laudeti

The Hadeninae are a subfamily of butterflies from the owl butterfly family (Noctuidae).

features

The Hadeninae were originally characterized as trifine (a special form of the veins of the forewings) owl butterflies that show hair on the compound eyes with the help of a magnifying glass . This feature occurs microscopically in numerous other groups, including other subfamilies of the owl butterfly, which is why it is problematic to position the subfamily alone on the basis of this feature. Kristensen (1998) defines the subfamily (without the glottulinae ) with the following characteristics: trifine owl butterflies with a thread-like SD1 bristle on the ninth abdominal segment in the caterpillars , paramer (a pair of highly structured appendages of the genitals) in the males near the middle of the valves , as well as a spinneret in the caterpillars that is at least twice as long as it is wide. However, these features are plesiomorphies , which make the subfamily paraphyletic , at least in relation to the Noctuinae , Ufeinae and Glottulinae . Lafontaine and Fibiger (2006) consider the Hadeninae to be at least probably monophyletic because of the short, fringed spinnerets of the caterpillars and place the glottulinae as a tribe of glottulini in this subfamily. It is admitted, however, that there are only a few characteristics for the morphological delimitation of the Noctuinae, Xyleninae and Hadeninae and that further research with molecular genetic material is necessary.

Way of life

Pupation usually takes place in the ground in a silk-clad chamber.

Systematics

A total of about 1130 genera are assigned to the subfamily. 91 species are known in Central Europe. Lafontaine and Fiebiger (2006) currently differentiate between the following tribes and sub- tribes within the subfamily:

The subfamilies Noctuinae , Xyleninae and Hadeninae are probably closely related and together form a sister group called "Noctuinae sl ". Within this group, the Noctuinae probably form a sister group with the Hadeninae. However, the relationships between the three subfamilies and the other subfamilies of the owl butterflies have not yet been fully explored.

Hadeninae as pests

Some species are dreaded pests in agriculture. For example, the species of the genus Spodoptera cause major crop failures on dicotyledonous as well as monocotyledonous plants everywhere in the tropics and subtropics due to their sometimes massive occurrence. Species of the genus Mythimna , Sesamia , Mesapamea or Cerapteryx are pests on sweet grasses , to which grain is counted. In Europe, which is pine beauty ( Panolis flammea ) by their harmful effect on spruce - monocultures worth mentioning.

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Niels P. Kristensen: Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies . In: Maximilian Fischer (Ed.): Handbook of Zoology . 1st edition. tape 4 - Arthropoda: Insecta , volume 35. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1998, ISBN 3-11-015704-7 , p. 383 f . (English).
  2. ↑ a b c J. Donald Lafontaine and Michael Fibiger: Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) . Canadian Entomologist, 138: pp. 610-635, Ottawa 2006, ISSN  0008-347X
  3. ↑ Butterflies and Moths of the World - Generic Names and their Type-species - Acronictinae
  4. ↑ Noctuidae (owl butterflies) in Central Europe. Lepiforum eV, accessed on February 13, 2012 .

literature

  • Niels P. Kristensen: Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies . In: Maximilian Fischer (Ed.): Handbook of Zoology . 1st edition. tape 4 - Arthropoda: Insecta , volume 35. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1998, ISBN 3-11-015704-7 (English).
  • Malcolm J. Scoble: The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 0-19-854952-0 (English).

Web links

Commons : Hadeninae  - collection of images, videos and audio files