Varna harbor
The port of Varna (English Port of Varna , Bulgarian пристинище Варна / Pristani Warna) is the second largest seaport in Bulgaria. It is located in the area of the Black Sea city of Varna , the third largest city in the country, and has several locations. In use since ancient times, the port was built between 1906 and expanded considerably in 1974. Today the company consists of Varna Istok (Bulgarian Варна Изток, Warna-East), Varna Zapad (Bulgarian Варна Запад, Warna-West) and the port of Dewnja .
geography
Varna is located at the former mouth of the Prowadija River in the Black Sea. In the lowlands between the hills of the layered landscape ( Franga Plateau in the north) are Lake Beloslav and Lake Prowadijska or Lake Varna. Originally, these lakes were freshwater lakes along the river.
Between 1906 and 1909, the so-called "Old Canal" (canal located to the north) was created in the area of the eastern port in order to establish a navigable connection with Lake Varna.
In 1976, to the south of the old canal, the deeper shipping channel ("Canal No. 1", "Great Canal") was opened together with the Asparuhovo Bridge in the south of Warna. This made it easier to reach the Lesport (wooden harbor) in the north of Lake Varna near Topoli and the Varna thermal power station near Ezerovo as well as the two naval bases ("Morjak" and "Tschaika") on the south bank. There is also a repair yard between Lesport and the power station.
By means of another fairway ("Canal No. 2"), which deepens the Prowadija river between Beloslaw and Straschimirowo and connects the lakes of Varna and Beloslaw, the port at the chemical industrial complex Dewnja (Sodi, Agrochem) on the north-western bank of the Beloslaw lake and the railway ferry -Terminal of Razdelna be put into operation. From here the shipping company UkrFerry operates ferry connections to the Ukraine and Georgia.
history
| Statistics of the Black Sea ports of Burgas , Varna and Constanța for 1865 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burgas port | Varna harbor | Port of Constanza | |||
| Number of sailing ships | 4487 | 1286 | 460 | ||
| Loading capacity of the sailing ships | 250,693 | 112.503 | 92,675 | ||
| Number of steamships | 63 | 239 | 157 | ||
| Load capacity of the steamships | 27.401 | 108,427 | 66,319 | ||
| Total number of ships | 4550 | 1507 | 617 | ||
| Load capacity of all ships | 278.094 | 220.930 | 158.993 | ||
Until the beginning of the 20th century, the ships had to anchor 100 m off the coast of Warna and the goods were loaded onto large boats and landed, as the water was only three to four meters deep. When the wind was strong, the ships even had to seek refuge in another bay.
East port
In 1888, 10 years after independence from the Ottoman Empire, the Bulgarian government decided to build and expand the seaports in Burgas and Varna. A nameless joint-stock company was commissioned with the construction of the port of Varna after a tender, which was headed by Iwan Groseb (Bulgarian Иван Грозеб) and Jiří Prošek . The construction of the Black Sea port of Varna was the high point of the construction activity of the Prošek brothers (in addition to Jiri, his brother Bogdan Prošek also worked in Bulgaria). The director of the port of Marseille , the French engineer Adolphe Guérard , who was known in Europe as an experienced specialist in this field, was entrusted with the planning of the new port .
The port was ceremoniously opened on May 18, 1906 in the presence of the Bulgarian Prince Ferdinand I , three years after the port of Burgas. Since the Prošek brothers had died a month apart in 1905, there were significant problems completing the work.
The port consisted of quay walls with a total length of 731 meters, warehouses, lifting devices, administration buildings and two breakwaters of 1220 m length with a 200 m wide passage between them. The port basin was 8 to 10 m deep and covered an area of 21 hectares. The port was connected to a railroad, at the same time the Varna – Sofia railway line was built, creating a national transport system for northern Bulgaria.
The goods could be brought to the Danube and for further transport to Central Europe via the Warna – Ruse railway line .
extension
In 1974 the industrial goods port of Warna-West began operations, but it was still needed until 1976 before the two shipping canals allowed seagoing vessels to access them. In 1976 the company was Port Complex Varna (bulg. Пристанищен комплекс Варна) established that the ports of Varna (East and West), from devnya (west of Varna about 35 km) from LeSport (15 km west) and from Balchik (approx. 50 km north of Varna) and Kawarna (approx. 60 km north) included. This created the largest port in the country. Up until the 1980s, the company handled around half of Bulgaria's seaborne cargo handling. Grain , dairy products and livestock are still some of the most important export products today. In the 1990s, however, a restructuring and the separation of the port areas in Kawarna and Lesport into independent companies followed. The Port of Balchik has also been operating independently since 2006.
Company today
The company today consists of Varna Istok (Bulgarian Варна Изток, Varna-East), Varna Zapad (Bulgarian Варна Запад, Varna-West) and the port of Devnja . This means that the port of Varna is again in second place behind the port of Burgas in the handling statistics.
Individual evidence
- ^ History of the Port Varna
- ↑ Iwan Karajotow, Stojan Rajtschewski, Mitko Iwanow: История на Бургас (on German about the history of the city of Burgas ), 2011, ISBN 978-954-92689-1-1 , p. 107.
- ↑ Филип Панайотов, Иванка Николова: България XX век. Publisher: Trud Publishers, 1999, ISBN 978-954-528-146-4 ; (Bulgarian; German translation of the book title: Filip Panajotow, Iwanka Nikolowa: Bulgaria XX century. ); Page: 597.
Web links
- Official website of the port of Varna
Coordinates: 43 ° 11 ′ 37.3 " N , 27 ° 54 ′ 42.5" E