Old Port (Marseille)

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Old Port (Marseille)
Data
owner State
start of building Port since 6th century BC Chr.
Kaie from the 15th to the 17th century.
Port type Marina , ferry port , fishing port
Daily ship capacity 3500 boats
up to 90 m in length
Total area of ​​the port 24 hectares ( 800 × 300 m )
Geographic information
place Marseille
Department Bouches-du-Rhône department
Country France
The old port
The old port
Coordinates 43 ° 17 ′ 41 ″  N , 5 ° 22 ′ 15 ″  E Coordinates: 43 ° 17 ′ 41 ″  N , 5 ° 22 ′ 15 ″  E
Old Port (Marseille) (Bouches-du-Rhône)
Old Port (Marseille)
Location of the old port (Marseille)

The Vieux Port (French le Vieux-Port , Occitan - Provencal lo Pòrt Vielh or lou Pouart Vièi ) has been both the oldest port of Marseille and the historical and cultural center of the city since it was founded in antiquity . Until the middle of the 19th century, the port was the economic center of Marseille, open to sea ​​trade in the Mediterranean and to trade with the French colonies . The port industry then gradually shifted further north to what is now Marseille Europort . Today the old harbor is a marina , a popular meeting place and the city's tourist landmark. Some fishing boats are still anchored here, and there is a fish market every morning on the Quai de la Fraternité .

history

Around 600 BC the Phocaeans landed their ships in the Lacydon, as they called the natural harbor. All marine activities in the city were concentrated in this area until the 19th century.

On the south bank, the Saint-Victor de Marseille Abbey was built between the 3rd and 9th centuries .

The quays were built under Louis XII. until Louis XIII. erected and here the galleys were laid on the keel .

It was not until the 19th century that the 6 m draft was no longer sufficient for the new steamers . In 1854 1000 to 1200 ships were able to dock in the old port, in the year 18,000 ships with over two million tonnage. That was a quarter of Liverpool's envelope . During the Second World War there was some damage to the facilities.

German photography of the battle for Marseille's old town

From 1905 to 1944, a 50 m high and 239 m long bridged transporter bridge , the Pont Transbordeur , the entrance to the old port.

Since November 1942, Marseille was occupied by German troops. By order of Himmler, the old town quarter on the north bank of the Old Harbor was cordoned off on January 24, 1943, and the around 20,000 residents were given two hours to leave the quarter. From February 1, 1943, the quarter was blown up by German pioneer units, a total of around 1400 buildings, only the first row of houses directly at the harbor was spared. The then German consul in Marseille, Edgar von Spiegel von und zu Peckelsheim , later stated as a witness before the IMG, untruthfully, that the demolition was necessary because of the risk of epidemics and the "safety of the (German) troops". Günter Hellwing and Rolf Mühler were later convicted as war criminals for their involvement in the demolition.

After the reconstruction started in 1948, only leisure boats anchor here today. Since then there has been a gap in the otherwise authentic old town of Marseille, which has been filled with residential and commercial buildings in post-war architecture.

The port as a filming location

Marius , Fanny and César , the trilogy marseillaise by Marcel Pagnol with Raimu were filmed here before the Second World War.

Photography gallery

  • Traditional fishing boat

  • The Vieux Port and the Port Autonomous

  • Le Vieux Port 2006

  • Quay in front of the town hall around 1820

  • Small ships from Provence in the port

  • Postcard around 1900

See also

Literature on the demolition of the district in 1943

  • Jacques Delarue: Trafic et crimes sous l'occupation. Fayard, Paris 1968, 2nd ext. Ed. 1993, pp. 237-278 (French)
  • Gérard Guicheteau: Marseille 1943. La fin du Vieux Port. Le Provençal, Marseille 1973 (French)
  • Anne Sportiello: Le Vieux Port de Marseille a l'heure allemande. in Zs. L'histoire, No. 16, Oct. 1979, pp. 115-122
    • this: La déstruction des vieux quartiers. in Philippe Joutard Ed .: Histoire de Marseille en treize événements. Marseille 1988, pp. 198-214
  • Serge Klarsfeld: Les transferts de juifs de la region de Nice vers le camp de Drancy en vue de leur deportation 11 Aout 1942 - 24 July 1944. Ed. L'association les Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France. 1992
  • Robert Mendierini & Christian Opetit: Marseille: janvier-fevrier 1943. in Opetit Ed .: Marseille, Vichy et les Nazis. Le temps des rafles, la déportation des juifs. Marseille 1993
  • Jean-Louis Parisi's ed .: Une ville en fuite. Marseille 1940-1942. Marseille 1992

Web links

Commons : Old Port (Marseille)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

supporting documents

  1. ^ Ahlrich Meyer: The raids in Marseille in 1943 and the propaganda photography of the German Wehrmacht . In: Francia . Volume 22, No. 3 , 1995, p. 127–154 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00016421-6 .
  2. ^ Günter Liehr: Marseille, portrait of a stubborn city . Rotpunktverlag, Zurich 2013, ISBN 978-3-85869-535-2 , p. 189-197 .
  3. ↑ available in Germany in the house of the Wannsee Conference in Berlin