Transporter bridge
A transporter bridge is a suspension railway across a body of water. It does not float , but hangs on ropes or rods under a high bridge girder and moves above the water from one side of a river or canal to the other.
advantages
A transporter bridge can also operate when there is ice or low water and uses less energy than a ferry. It is cheaper to build than a vehicle bridge with the same clearance for shipping. The first transporter bridge was designed by the architect and engineer Alberto Palacio , who built it together with the engineer Ferdinand Arnodin . Both are considered to be their inventors.
distribution
Worldwide eight of the original 20 suspension ferries are still preserved:
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Argentina
- The Puente Transbordador "Nicolás Avellaneda" has been crossing the Riachuelo between La Boca in Buenos Aires and Avellaneda since May 31, 1914 .
- The Puente Nicolás Avellaneda , a lift bridge with a suspension ferry gondola, crosses the Riachuelo in the immediate vicinity of the Puente Transbordador "Nicolás Avellaneda" .
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Germany :
- The Ost-Hemmoor transporter ferry , put into operation in 1909 and thus the oldest in Germany, runs between Osten and Hemmoor and crosses the Oste River .
- The Rendsburg transporter ferry crosses the Kiel Canal , connecting Osterrönfeld and Rendsburg . It operated from the opening on December 2, 1913 until it collided with a cargo ship on the morning of January 8, 2016, according to the same timetable (15-minute intervals). In contrast to most other suspension ferries, the Rendsburg suspension ferry does not use its own bridge girder, but is suspended under the Rendsburg railway bridge.
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France
- The Rochefort transporter bridge has been crossing the Charente between Rochefort and Échillais since 1900 .
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Great Britain
- Newport Transporter Bridge over the River Usk , opened September 12, 1906
- Middlesbrough transporter bridge over the Tees has been connecting Middlesbrough with Port Clarence since October 17, 1911
- The Warrington Transporter Bridge has crossed the Mersey since 1915 , but was decommissioned in 1964. It is the last of the three suspension bridges that originally crossed the Mersey.
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Spain
- The Puente de Vizcaya crosses the mouth of the Nervión in the Bay of Biscay between Portugalete and Getxo . Opened in 1893, it is the oldest suspension bridge in existence. Since 2006 she belongs to the world heritage of UNESCO .
The Euroga Adventure Bridge, built in 2003, is sometimes referred to as a transporter ferry. In terms of its design, however, it is more of a small overhead suspension railway over the Niers that can be operated manually by anyone and connects the Donk district of Mönchengladbach with the neighboring Willich - Neersen . It is only intended for pedestrians and cyclists.
A so-called transporter bridge opened in October 2006 in the bridge park under the Müngsten Bridge in Solingen is technically a cable car . It connects the Solingen and Remscheid banks of the Wupper , is operated with muscle power similar to a railroad trolley and offers space for ten people including the ferryman. A similar bicycle cable car crosses the Fulda between Binsförth and Beiseförth near Melsungen as part of the Fulda cycle path . Here the gondola hangs on ropes instead of lying on it. It is driven manually via a crank.
The suspension ferries in the east and Rendsburg are the landmarks of the German Ferry Route , which opened in May 2004 , an approximately 250-kilometer-long tourist holiday route that leads from Kiel to Bremervörde and shows almost all methods that humans have developed to cross a body of water.
additional
In autumn 2003 the world association of suspension ferries was founded in Bilbao . The honorary chairmanship was taken over by the Spanish King Juan Carlos I. In April 2006, a working group for German suspension ferries was set up under the chairmanship of Jochen Bölsche (East), which included the mayors of the four communities bordering the suspension ferries across the Oste and the Kiel Canal belong.
See also
literature
- Erich Thiesen, city of Rendsburg, municipality of Osterrönfeld (ed.): High bridge and transporter ferry Rendsburg . 84 pages, 2nd edition, Wachholtz, Neumünster 2012, ISBN 978-3-529-05328-3 .
- Gisela Tiedemann-Wingst, Jochen Bölsche, a. a .: About the Oste - Stories from 100 years of the Osten - Hemmoor transporter bridge . In cooperation with the support company for the maintenance of the Ost-Hemmoor transporter bridge. MCE, Drochtersen 2009, ISBN 978-3-938097-17-5 .
- Artur Speck : Contribution to the history and theory of suspension bridges. Dresden, Techn. Hochschule, Diss., 1908. Catalog of the SLUB Dresden as well as in: Advances in engineering sciences .; 18, Leipzig: Engelmann, 1908. Catalog of the SLUB Dresden
- Mirko Baum: On the history of mobile bridge systems - Grand Canal du Nord and transporter ferry over the Niers near Mönchengladbach , 2005. doi : 10.1002 / stab.200590010
- Wolfgang Neß, Christine Onnen, Dirk J. Peters: The Ost-Hemmoor transporter bridge , Berlin: Federal Chamber of Engineers, 2009
- Erich Thiesen: The Rendsburg high bridge with transporter ferry , Berlin: Federal Chamber of Engineers, 2014
- Birgit Greiner, Wolfgang Neß: The transporter bridge in the east - an unusual architectural monument is back in operation , reports on the preservation of monuments in Lower Saxony; 26 (2006), 1, pp. 2-7
- Hartmut Sellin: Floating over the water: with d. Transporter bridge in the east is e. Technical cultural monument, unique in Germany, threatened with decay . In: Culture & Technology; 15 (1991), 1, pp. 26-29
Web links
- Structurae: suspension ferries
- Jochen Bölsche: Worthy like Apollo, strong like Hercules. In: one day of January 5th, 2008.
- All suspension ferries in the world
- German ferry route
- Transporter bridge over the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal (Kiel Canal) near Brunsbüttel. Schinkel competition 1903 , plans by Otto Franzius on the website of the Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin
- Suspension ferries on historical postcards
Individual evidence
- ↑ Endangered monuments Most suspension ferries have long since been torn down , on Niederelbe.de, accessed on December 22, 2019
- ↑ The world of suspension ferries , on ag-osteland.de, accessed on December 22, 2019
- ↑ Rendsburg suspension ferry , on ostsee.de