Haidong Gumdo

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Haidong Gumdo - The Korean sword fight

Haidong Gumdo, literally: "Sea (of) the East (s) Sword Way", so sword method of the Eastern Sea , is a Korean martial art that is spread in Europe by the European Haidong Gumdo Association and has been established in the association structures of Europe since 2000.

President of the European umbrella organization is Mr. Sang Hyun Han (7th Dan).

In Germany, the martial art is establishing itself in sports clubs and commercial sports schools.

Origin and history

Korean spelling
Korean alphabet : 해동 검도
Hanja : 海東 劍道
Revised Romanization : Haedong Geomdo
McCune-Reischauer : Haedong Kŏmdo

Haidong Gumdo , also Haedong Kumdo - the transcription varies between the organizations - is a name for various Korean martial arts associations that deal with the sword and its use. The term was coined around 1982. The two best-known organizations are Haidong Gumdo as the origin association ( "Daehan Haidong Gumdo Federation" ) under the leadership of Kim Jeong-ho ( 김정호 ) and Haedong Kumdo as the largest offshoot ( "Hanguk Haedong Gumdo Federation" ) under Na Han-il ( 나한일 ) . Haidong Gumdo derives its name from Haedong Seongguk Balhae ( 海 東盛 國 渤海 ), a name for the old Manchurian-Korean kingdom of Balhae .

techniques

The Haidong Gumdo training consists of Gibon (basics), Pumsae (forms), Yaksuk daeryun (limited sparring), Hada (free sparring), Chingeom gyokgeom (sparring with real blades), Gigong (building exercises) and Begi (cutting exercises). The standard training is carried out with the Mokgom (wooden sword).

Weapon training begins with the use of the jukdo (bamboo sword) and continues with mokgom and chingeom . The poomse within the Haidong Gumdo were derived from the movements of the Gicheon (Korean for Taijiquan ) and various sword exercises, which can also be found in the Muye Dobo Tongji . While earlier Korean sword styles are included in the Bonguk Gombop , other methods are also taught in the Haidong Gumdo:

  • 쌍수검 법 Ssangsu Gombop (wielding the two-handed sword)
  • 심상 검법 Simsang Gombop (tactics and strategy with the sword)
  • 예도 검법 Yedo Gombop ("style of the swordsman's heart")
  • 제독검 법 Jedok Gombop ("Admiral's Style")
  • 장백 검법 Jangbaek Gombop (style of Jangbaek)
  • 왜 검법 Wae Gombop (Japanese style)
  • 외수 검법 Wuisu Gombop (one-handed use of the sword)
  • 쌍검 검법 Ssanggeom Gombop (use of two swords)

Haidong Gumdo can generally be described as the exchange of several sword techniques in an exchange of blows. This is initially in contrast to Japanese methods, which are based on the ideal of "one blow, one dead" even today and this technique is spread, for example, in kendo (Korean kumdo ).

In contrast to Japanese techniques, which focus on hand-to-hand or individual combat, the Korean style is concerned with fighting one against many or fighting on the battlefield.

The essence of the Haidong Gumdo is the Shimgum , a philosophical concept that is comparable to the Spanish duende , as coined by the Spanish poet García Lorca . Shimgum is the union of intention, body and mind expressed through the use of the sword. It includes mastery of the sword, but at the same time transcends technical limits. You could be “technically perfect” and still not meet the Shimgum requirements. Shimgum turns the martial science of Haidong Gumdo into a martial art.

Graduations

In Haidong Gumdo there are ten student degrees ( Kup ) and eight master degrees ( Dan ). The next level is achieved through an examination. In Germany, an examination is only possible up to the 4th Dan. Exams from the 5th Dan can only be taken in South Korea. The respective student graduation is indicated by a colored belt. There is no official regulation here, as the color belt system that applies to Europe has not yet been adopted across Germany. The color sequence begins with the 10th cup and is counted backwards to the 1st cup / highest degree of Schlüerinnen.

The Dangrade wear black belts. Furthermore, there are different combat suits (Doboks) for different student levels. From a color belt on you can wear black Doboks, from 1st Dan dark blue suits and from 4th Dan or master level blue suits. In the case of the master's degrees, the Dobok also shows the size of the schools to be supervised. There is the eagle for a few students, the tiger for some schools and many students, and the dragon for many schools and a great many students. In addition, there is the Samurang-Dobok for students and masters who take the highest place at the World Cup in Korea. These are white with a black border and collar. Directors of large associations also bear this (e.g. Master Han as European director). Usually the pants with the very wide flap are the same color as the suit. In contrast to the students, instructors from 3rd dan and masters wear gray checkered trousers and stand out from them.

Legal disputes

Kim Jeong-ho

The history of this martial art records a succession of legal disputes between the two main associations of Haidong Gumdo. These organizations claim that Haidong Gumdo has its roots in the war and fighting traditions of the samurang . The Samurang are said to have been a group of elite fighters who were originally said to have been trained by a master named "Seolbong" in the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo . Written evidence of the existence of this warrior class is lacking, as is information on what happened to the samurang and their sword styles after Goguryeo disintegrated.

The Haidong Gumdo Federation ("World Haidong Gumdo Federation") claims that Kim Jeong-ho, President of the Daehan Haidong Gumdo Federation, obtained the Haidong Gumdo from a master named Jang Baek-san ( 장백산 , which is also a name for Berg's Baekdu is) learned on Mount Kwanak. A court concluded that Haidong Gumdo was founded by Kim Jeong-ho and Na Han-il. Accordingly, both had previously studied the Korean sword fighting arts Gicheonmun (under Bak Dae-yang) and Simgeomdo (under Kim Chang-sik). The story of Jang Baek-san was just a metaphor for this.

Kim Jeong-ho and Na Han-il initially worked with the much better known name of the two martial arts, Simgeomdo. Around 1984 they started teaching their style under the name Haidong Gumdo.

However, Haidong Gumdo continued to play a minor role until Na Han-il starred in a Korean television movie in 1989. This contributed to Haidong Gumdo's early recognition, but the organization's rapid growth led to internal conflicts.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ European Haidong Gumdo Association. Retrieved April 9, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Graduation ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on hdgd.koeln.Retrieved June 14, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hdgd.koeln
  3. ↑ Equipment ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on hdgd.koeln.Retrieved June 14, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hdgd.koeln

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