Hakon Jarl rune stones
The Hakon Jarl rune stones are two or three Swedish rune stones from the time of Canute the Great (995–1035 AD). The two rune stones Uppland (U 617) and Småland (Sm 76) mention a "Hakon Jarl".
More than 130 rune stones are divided analogous to striking words used in seven groups: England- (30), Greece- (30), Hakon-Jarl- (3), Ingvar- (26), Italy- (4), Baltic (Baltic and Finland - 14 stones) and about 30 Varangian rune stones ( relating to Russia, Belarus, the Ukraine and neighboring areas), which are also available in one copy each in Denmark and Norway.
Runologists and historians have debated whether they concern one or two different men of the not uncommon name. All known Hakon Jarls of this time were included in the discussion: Haakon Sigurðarson († 995), his grandson Håkon Eiriksson († 1029), Håkon Ívarsson († 1062) and Haakon Paulsson (Earl the Orkney † 1123). The most common opinion among runologists Brate (1857–1924), von Friesen (1870–1942), Jansson (1908–1987), Kinander (1893–1964) and Wessén (1889–1981) is that one of them is Swede and the was another Norwegian.
U 16
The rune stone U 16 from Nibble on the island of Ekerö has disappeared. It was first described by Johannes Bureus (1568–1652) and drawn in 1678 by Johan Leitz (d. 1692). Elias Wessén (1889–1981) states that Rodi Hakonar is referring to a Leidang under a man named Hákon, who may have been Jarl , but Hákon is probably referring to the (little-documented) Swedish legendary king Haakon the Red (Håkan Röde; † after 1079), who could have commissioned the rune stone U 11 on Adelsö . Omeljan Pritsak (1919-2006) and others identify Hákon with the Norwegian Jarl Håkon Eiriksson, (as on Sm 76) and the man to whom the stone is dedicated, as a member of an unspecified army of the Jarl in Mercia , England .
U 617
The rune stone of Bro (also called Assurs sten; Reg.-Nr. U 617) in the municipality of Upplands-Bro , in Uppland in Sweden was discovered in 1866.
It is a little ornate stone in the ancient rak style with a long double serpentine band and a central cross. It comes from the same noble family that initiated the Ramsund carving and had the rune stone erected by Kjula ås . It is one of the few stones that confirm that the Vikings called themselves Vikings. The inscription reads:
"Ginnlaug, Holmgaeir's daughter, sister Sygroths and Gauts, she had this bridge made and this stone built for Assur, her husband, the son of Jarls Håkon. He was wart against the Vikings (together) with Gaeitir. God help his spirit and his soul. "
Håkon Jarl, whose son Assur perished while defending his homeland against the Vikings, cannot be the Norwegian ruler Håkon Jarl (935–955), none of whose sons were called Assur. Therefore, a different Jarl of the same name from around 1000 AD must be meant. Omeljan Pritsak (1919-2006) argues that this Hakon is the same as the one who was on the runestone of Södra-Betby (Sö 260) with Ulf, Håkon's son in the west, that is, in England. This means that this Hakon Jarl can be the Norwegian Håkon Eiriksson (995-1029), whose lineage expired with his death.
Sm 76
The rune stone Sm 76 found in Komstad in Småland is now a fragment, but before it was destroyed the text was documented by runologists. The fragment is kept in the garden of the Komstad inn in Småland.
The text reads: "Tofa built this stone in memory of Vrai, his father, Earl Hákon (s) Marshal". This was probably Håkon Eiriksson (995-1029) viceroy of Norway. Some time before, Vrai had erected the Sävsjö rune stone (Sm 77) in memory of his brother Gunni, who had died in England.
The generally accepted identification with Hákon Eiríksson was also shared by "von Friesen" in 1922. He also relates it to U 16.
literature
- Lydia Klos: Runestones in Sweden - studies on location and function. In: Supplementary volumes to the Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Vol. 64, Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich, Heiko Steuer (Eds.). De Gruyter, Berlin - New York, 2009. ISBN 978-3-11-021464-2