Halonoproctidae
| Halonoproctidae | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Halonoproctidae | ||||||||||||
| Pocock , 1901 |
The Halonoproctidae are a family of tarantula- like spiders and comprise 6 genera and 84 species.
Appearance and behavior
The actual trapdoor spiders are very similar to the brown trapdoor spiders in appearance and behavior. However, they have no adhesive hairs (scopula) on the tarsi , are usually much darker and stronger and have no markings.
Like the brown trapdoor spiders, the actual trapdoor spiders dig a living tube in the ground and close it with a lid made of spider silk, camouflaged with soil or parts of plants. However, the lid is usually much thicker in the members of this family. When hunting, the animals usually only leave their tube so far that the rearmost leg remains in the tube and thus keeps the lid open.
distribution
The species occur in North , Central and South America as well as in Asia and Australia . Some species of the genus Ummidia are found in the European and North African Mediterranean region .
Genera
The World Spider Catalog currently lists 6 genera and 84 species for the Halonoproctidae.
-
Bothriocyrtum
Simon , 1891
- Bothriocyrtum californicum ( O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1874)
- Bothriocyrtum fabrile Simon , 1891
- Bothriocyrtum tractabile Saito , 1933
-
Conothele Thorell , 1878
- Conothele arboricola Pocock , 1899
- Conothele baiyunensis X.Xu, C.Xu & Liu , 2017
- Conothele birmanica Thorell , 1887
- Conothele cambridgei Thorell , 1890
- Conothele cangshan Yang & Xu , 2018
- Conothele daxinensis X.Xu, C.Xu & Liu , 2017
- Conothele deqin Yang & Xu , 2018
- Conothele doleschalli Thorell , 1881
- Conothele ferox beach , 1913
- Conothele fragaria ( Dönitz , 1887)
- Conothele giganticus Siliwal & Raven , 2015
- Conothele gressitti ( Roewer , 1963)
- Conothele hebredisiana Berland , 1938
- Conothele khunthokhanbi Kananbala, Bhubaneshwari & Siliwal , 2015
- Conothele lampra ( Chamberlin , 1917)
- Conothele limatior Kulczyński , 1908
- Conothele malayana ( Doleschall , 1859)
- Conothele nigriceps Pocock , 1898
- Conothele sidiechongensis X.Xu, C.Xu & Liu , 2017
- Conothele spinosa Hogg , 1914
- Conothele taiwanensis ( Tso, Haupt & Zhu , 2003)
- Conothele trachypus Kulczyński , 1908
- Conothele truncicola Saaristo , 2002
- Conothele vali Siliwal, Nair, Molur & Raven , 2009
- Conothele varvarti Siliwal, Nair, Molur & Raven , 2009
- Conothele yundingensis X.Xu, C.Xu & Liu , 2017
- Cyclocosmia Ausserer , 1871
-
Hebestatis Simon , 1903
- Hebestatis lanthanus Valerio , 1988
- Hebestatis theveneti ( Simon , 1891)
-
Latouchia Pocock , 1901
- Latouchia bachmaensis Ono , 2010
- Latouchia cornuta Song, Qiu & Zheng , 1983
- Latouchia cryptica ( Simon , 1897)
- Latouchia cunicularia ( Simon , 1886)
- Latouchia davidi ( Simon , 1886)
- Latouchia fasciata beach , 1907
-
Latouchia formosensis Kayashima , 1943
- Latouchia formosensis formosensis Kayashima , 1943
- Latouchia formosensis smithi Tso, Haupt & Zhu , 2003
- Latouchia fossoria Pocock , 1901
- Latouchia hunanensis Xu, Yin & Bao , 2002
- Latouchia hyla Haupt & Shimojana , 2001
- Latouchia japonica beach , 1910
- Latouchia kitabensis ( Charitonov , 1946)
- Latouchia parameleomene Haupt & Shimojana , 2001
- Latouchia pavlovi thighs , 1953
- Latouchia swinhoei Pocock , 1901
- Latouchia typica ( Kishida , 1913)
- Latouchia vinhiensis thighs , 1963
-
Ummidia Thorell , 1875
- Ummidia absoluta ( Gertsch & Mulaik , 1940)
- Ummidia aedificatoria ( Westwood , 1840)
- Ummidia algarve Decae , 2010
- Ummidia algeriana ( Lucas , 1846)
- Ummidia armata ( Ausserer , 1875)
- Ummidia asperula ( Simon , 1889)
- Ummidia audouini ( Lucas , 1835)
- Ummidia beatula ( Gertsch & Mulaik , 1940)
-
Ummidia carabivora ( Atkinson , 1886)
- Ummidia carabivora carabivora ( Atkinson , 1886)
- Ummidia carabivora emarginata ( Atkinson , 1886)
- Ummidia celsa ( Gertsch & Mulaik , 1940)
- Ummidia erema ( Chamberlin , 1925)
- Ummidia funerea ( Gertsch , 1936)
- Ummidia gandjinoi ( Andreeva , 1968)
- Ummidia glabra ( Doleschall , 1871)
- Ummidia mischi Zonstein , 2014
- Ummidia modesta ( Banks , 1901)
- Ummidia nidulans ( Fabricius , 1787)
- Ummidia oaxacana ( Chamberlin , 1925)
- Ummidia picea Thorell , 1875
- Ummidia pustulosa ( Becker , 1879)
- Ummidia pygmaea ( Chamberlin & Ivie , 1945)
- Ummidia rugosa ( Karsch , 1880)
- Ummidia salebrosa ( Simon , 1892)
- Ummidia tuobita ( Chamberlin , 1917)
- Ummidia zebrina ( FO Pickard-Cambridge , 1897)
- Ummidia zilchi Kraus , 1955
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 19.5 - Halonoproctidae . Retrieved December 22, 2018.
- ^ A b Heiko Bellmann : Kosmos-Atlas arachnids of Europe . 2nd Edition. Kosmos-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-440-09071-X .
