Handle system

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The handle system provides the connection between unique and permanent persistent identifiers ( handles ) and associated digital data for Internet resources. For example, permalinks for document servers can be generated and linked to metadata such as magazine and year of publication . It has been operated by the DONA Foundation in Geneva since 2014 . References via the handle system are represented by a preceding hdl : .

The concept and the associated software was developed by the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) under the direction of David Ely. Robert E. Kahn and Robert Wilensky described the basic concepts in 1995. The aim of the project was to ensure a clear , persistent assignment of several instances and attributes . About local namespaces to which the Global Handle Registry , reference is made to the service in terms of distributed systems can be decentralized, without losing the uniqueness of the handles. The system should be safe, efficient and internationally usable through the use of UTF-8 as character encoding .

A “handle” consists of the “naming authority” ( prefix as local namespace) and a local name, separated by a slash . The handle hdl: 10419/2 consists of the identifier 10419 for the economic archive EconStor and the local number 2, here for the working papers of the Institute for World Economy . The “Naming Authority” can have a tree-like structure. The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) has the root 10, while individual publishers or organizations have a sub-element, e.g. 1000 for the DOI Foundation. The DOI manual with the local name 182 can then be reached under hdl: 10.1000 / 182 . It depends on the namespace whether the handles are assigned case sensitive . The "Naming Authority" is responsible for the integrity and durability of the individual handle. In 2013 there were around 200,000 Naming Authorities. Together with a resolver such as the hdl.handle.net offered by CNRI, permalinks can be generated as Internet addresses ( Uniform Resource Locators ).

Early users were the Library of Congress , the Defense Technical Information Center and the Digital Object Identifier directory , which is mainly used for online articles in scientific journals. Other users are DSpace , Econstor (prefix: 10419), the Alfred Wegener Institute (prefix: 10013) or the Society for Scientific Data Processing mbH Göttingen (prefix: 21). In addition to document servers , it is also discussed for the Internet of Things .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c S. Reilly, L. Lannom:  RFC 3651 . - Handle System Namespace and Service Definition . November 2003. (English). hdl: 10.17487 / RFC3651 .
  2. ↑ a b c d S. Sun, L. Lannom, B. Boesch: Handle System Overview , RFC 3650 , November 2003. hdl: 10.17487 / RFC3650 .
  3. ↑ HDL.NET Information Services . handle.net - The Handle System . dona.net; accessed on August 7, 2019.
  4. ^ Robert E. Kahn , Robert Wilensky : A Framework for Distributed Digital Object Services . May 1995, hdl: 4263537/5001 . Second publication in the International Journal on Digital Libraries , ISSN  1432-5012 , Volume 6, Number 2, April 2006, pp. 115-123, hdl: 10.1007 / s00799-005-0128-x .
  5. ↑ Elena Šimukovič, Benjamin Thomack, Paul Vierkant, Dennis Zielke: Evaluation of Persistent Identifier Systems for Research Data at the Humboldt University in Berlin . January 2013. hdl: 10.18452 / 13665 .
  6. ^ R. Tansley, M. Bass, D. Stuve, M. Branschofsky, D. Chudnov, G. McClellan, M. Smith: The DSpace institutional digital repository system: current functionality . 2003 Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . hdl: 10.1109 / JCDL.2003.1204846 .
  7. ^ Robert E. Kahn , Patrice A. Lyons: The Handle System and its Application to RFID and the Internet of Things . In: SJ Hughes (Ed.): RFIDs, Near-Field Communications, and Mobile Payments , Chapter 13. Cyberspace Law Committee, American Bar Association, Business Law Section 2013, ISBN 978-1-62722-125-2 , hdl: 4263537 / 5046 .