Hastarium
structure
The Hastarium is a time period of the Carboniferous in the history of the earth . It is the lower regional lower level (also used as a level by some authors) of the regional and global level of the Tournaisium in Belgium . Expressed in absolute terms, the Hastarium lasted from about 358 to about 351.5 million years. The Hastarium is preceded by the Famennium , followed by the Ivorium , the upper regional lower level of the Tournaisium.
History and naming
The lower level or level is named after the place Hastière on the Maas (Prov. Namur). The Hastarium was originally proposed as a level by Raphael Conil , Eric Groessens and Henri Pirlet in 1977, but was later mostly used as a lower level. According to the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002, it is also available in Germany as a lower level of the Tournaisium.
Definition and correlation
The base of the hastarium has been harmonized with the base of the carbon and tournaisium, i.e. H. it is with the first appearance of conodonts -Art Siphonodella sulcata one. The upper limit (and thus the lower limit of the regional lower level Ivorium ) is defined by the first appearance of the conodont (sub) species Polygnathus communis carina .
The original, by Conil et al. (1977) selected type profile “Sentier des Vignes” lies on the left bank of the Meuse, northeast of the church of Hastière-Lavaux.
The absolute age of the Hastarium is disputed. According to Menning et al. (2000) it lasted from 354 to 348 million years, according to the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002 (STD2002) the Hastarium ranges from around 358 to around 351.5 million years. With a duration of 10.2 million (from 359.2 to 349), it is the longest in the Geological Time Scale 2004 (GTS2004).
Breakdown
The hastarium can be subdivided biostratigraphically into the foraminifera zone MFZ1 to MFZ4. In the succession of rugose corals , it occupies zones RC1 and RC2.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ according to the Stratigraphic Table of Germany. These ages differ slightly from the ages in the International Stratigraphic Chart from 2009
- ↑ a b c d Hance & Poty, 2006: p. 111ff.
- ↑ see Weyer & Menning (2006: p. 28, table 1), comparisons of several time scales
- ^ Felix M. Gradstein et al .: A geologic time scale 2004 . 589 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 2004. ISBN 0-521-78673-8 and ISBN 0-521-78142-6
literature
- Raphael Conil, Eric Groessens and Henri Pirlet: Nouvelle charte stratigraphique du Dinantien type de la Belgique. Annales de la Société géologique du Nord, 96: 363-371, Lille 1977 ISSN 0767-7367
- Luc Hance and Édouard Poty: Hastarian. Geologica Belgica, 9 / 1-2: 111-116, Brussels 2006 PDF
- Dieter Weyer and Manfred Menning: Geological time scale, stratigraphic nomenclature and magnetostratigraphy. In: Stratigraphie von Deutschland VI Unterkarbon (Mississippium) , series of publications by the German Society for Geosciences, 41: 27-50, Hannover 2006 ISBN 3-932537-37-8 .
Web links
- German Stratigraphic Commission, Manfred Menning (Hrsg.): Stratigraphische Tisch von Deutschland 2002 . Potsdam 2002, ISBN 3-00-010197-7 (1 sheet, Stratigraphie.de [PDF; 6.6 MB ]).